چکیده:
The Islamic architecture of tombs in Iran, and in Turkey shows many
resemblances. Their buildings were mostly small, centrally planned and
were covered with domes. They were made out of bricks or stones and for
their design they used its building material. In the Islamic culture, the
architecture of tombs showed up in the 10th century seemingly without any
antecedents. Before that, they never had such an architecture due to the
prohibition of the cultic of saints, and because of that, they weren’t inspired
by the cultic architecture of the previous ages. The Islamic architecture of
tombs at the examined area was formed by the conquest of Turk tribes. The
Turk tribes brought the honor of cultural places from their home-land in
Middle-Asia as an accepted custom from before the acceptance of Islam.
The early Islamic architecture of Iran was destroyed almost altogether due to
the Mongolian attack. Although a lot of the memories of the Seljuq
architecture in Turkey have remained owing to the more resistant building
materials (stones) and the smaller Mongolian attack. The early Ottoman
architecture of tombs has created its particular style partly based on these
traditions, and partly because of the effect of the Byzantine architecture. Its
style must have been affected by the direct Persian impulses.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Similarities and differences between the architecture of tombs in Iran and Ottoman Empire especially in the field of brick structures Amir Hossein Sirjani Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of History of Architecture and Monuments Email: amir.
It is to be noted that although the Islamic architecture in Iran and Turkey is clearly influenced by the pre-Islamic structural designs and building techniques but nothing specific with regards to the burial traditions during the periods has so far been found and according to Hillenbrand1, “the magnificent tomb of Cyrus in Pasargadae is an exception which proves this rule true”.
1 - Kharraqan Tomb Towers in Qazvin, Iran, 1067 and 1093 (General view, Structure, Decoration) Ancient Iranian Historians consider the gravesite of the Prophet as the first Islamic mausoleum, and marks the burial of Haroon in Khorasan (which was later changed into the shrine of Imam Reza from 808 to 817 AD) as the beginning of the Iranian tradition of mausoleum building.
Most of these buildings are made of high-quality baked bricks assembled in variety of decorative patterns usually in the shape of fixed spores and inscriptive bands placed either over the sole entrance door of the tower or below the dome where occasionally the niches and other decorative elements enhance their splendour.
Radkan‐West Tomb Tower {مراجعه شود به فایل جدول الحاقی} {مراجعه شود به فایل جدول الحاقی} Built at the summit of a hill, this tomb tower has a tall cylindrical chamber crowned with a steep conical roof that covers an inner hemispherical dome.