چکیده:
The problem of human's two domains has a significant influence on human knowledge, and since the human privilege in the universe to the other beings as well as the immateriality of the soul and so on is based on proving the soul's substance separately, it worths to search in this issue about the ideas of two Western and Islamic philosophers. Ibn Sīnā with arguments such as the "suspending man" proves this matter; Descartes also proves this matter with ''Cogito argument''. In this paper, after explaining the views of these two philosophers, we have tried to compare these two perspectives. Ibn Sīnā considers the soul as “the first perfection of the natural body” and Descartes defines it as a “thinking substance”. Both of them are dualists with two truly separate substances. In each of their proofs, simultaneously, they prove the soul's immateriality and its distinction from body and its self-consciousness. Their important difference is that the Ibn Sīnā's proof is a hypothetical state, while Descartes‟ Cogito is a personal experience which can be attained by a little meditation. Both of them believe in the mutual influence of the soul and body.
خلاصه ماشینی:
MA Holder of Philosophy and Dialectical Theology, Qom University, Qom, Iran (Received: May 20, 2019 ; Revised: September 13, 2019 ; Accepted: September 16, 2019) Abstract The problem of human's two domains has a significant influence on human knowledge, and since the human privilege in the universe to the other beings as well as the immateriality of the soul and so on is based on proving the soul's substance separately, it worths to search in this issue about the ideas of two Western and Islamic philosophers.
com Introduction The soul is an important philosophical subject discussed by ancient Greek philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle and also the giants of Islamic philosophy such as Al-Kindī, Al-Fārābī, and Ibn Sīnā in particular; as well as Western philosophers such as Descartes.
However, if dualism is interpreted as a theory that allows the existence of both material and spiritual substances, theories that consider the soul and the body to be distinct material substances cannot be classified as dualistic and should be viewed as a type of monism.
human soul, which implicitly prove the distinction of the soul from the material body (Ibn Sīnā, Epistles (essay gift), 194-214; Altbyyat healing, vol.
" (Ibn Sīnā , 1379, Vol. 2, 292)2 This argument emphasizes that humans are aware of their own existence in all states while being oblivious to their bodies and their organs.
This state is Ibn Sīnā's most precise empirical and philosophical hypothesis to argue for the existence of the soul and its distinction from the body.
" Both Ibn Sīnā and Descartes, in their "suspending man" and "Cogito" arguments, prove the existence of the soul but also its spirituality and distinction from the body simultaneously.