چکیده:
خلص اﻟﺒﺤث، اﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿل اﻟﺠﻐراﻓﻲ ﻟﻤﺸﻛﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﺸواﺌﯿﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﺎﻓظﺔ اﻟﻤﺜﻨﻰ وﺴﺒل ﺘﻨﻤﯿﺘﻬﺎ، إﻟﻰ
دراﺴﺔ ﻫذﻩ اﻟظﺎﻫرة واﺴﺒﺎب واﺘﺴﺎع رﻗﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ أﻏﻠب ﻤﻨﺎطق ﻤﺤﺎﻓظﺔ اﻟﻤﺜﻨﻰ، ودراﺴﺔ اﻹﻤﻛﺎﻨﯿﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻔﯿف ﻤن ﺤدة ﻫذﻩ اﻟﻤﺸﻛﻠﺔ وﺴﺒل ﺘﻨﻤﯿﺘﻬﺎ. ﺤﯿث أظﻬرت اﻟدراﺴﺔ أن ﻋدد اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻌﺎت اﻟﻌﺸواﺌﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨطﻘﺔ اﻟدراﺴﺔ ﺒﻠﻐت (122) ﻤﻨطﻘﺔ أو ﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﻋﺸواﺌﻲ ﻟﻐﺎﯿﺔ ﻋﺎم 2015، ﺒﻠﻐت أﻋداد اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻛن اﻟﻌﺸواﺌﯿﺔ (21440 ﻤﺴﻛن)، ﻟﻨﻔس اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻌﺎت ﻛﻤﺎ أظﻬرت اﻟدراﺴﺔ ﺒﺄن اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻌﺎت اﻟﻌﺸواﺌﯿﺔ ﺘﺘواﺠد ﻓﻲ (8 وﺤدات إدارﯿﺔ – ﻨﺎﺤﯿﺔ) ﻤن اﻟوﺤدات اﻹدارﯿﺔ ﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓظﺔ اﻟﻤﺜﻨﻰ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ (12 وﺤدة إدارﯿﺔ – ﻨﺎﺤﯿﺔ). و أظﻬرت اﻟدراﺴﺔ، ﺘﺼدر ﻤرﻛز ﻗﻀﺎء اﻟﺴﻤﺎوة ﻟﻌدد اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻌﺎت اﻟﻌﺸواﺌﯿﺔ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ (38 ﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﻋﺸواﺌﻲ) وﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ (31.15%) ﻤن إﺠﻤﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻌﺸواﺌﯿﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓظﺔ، ﻓﻀﻼً ﻋن ﺘﺼدرﻩ اﻟﻤرﺘﺒﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﺒﺄﻋداد اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻛن اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ (9782 ﻤﺴﻛن ﻋﺸواﺌﻲ)، وﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ (45.6%) ﻤن إﺠﻤﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻛن اﻟﻌﺸواﺌﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨطﻘﺔ اﻟدراﺴﺔ. ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﺒﯿﻨت اﻟدراﺴﺔ ﺒﺄن ﻨﺎﺤﯿﺔ اﻟﻬﻼل ﺴﺠﻠت أﻗل اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻌﺎت اﻟﻌﺸواﺌﯿﺔ ﺤﯿث ﺒﻠﻐت (3 ﺘﺠﻤﻌﺎت ﻋﺸواﺌﯿﺔ)، وﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ (2.4%) ﻤن إﺠﻤﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطق اﻟﻌﺸواﺌﯿﺔ. ﻓﻲ ﺤﯿن ﺴﺠﻠت ﻨﺎﺤﯿﺔ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻲ أﻗل اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻛن اﻟﻌﺸواﺌﯿﺔ ﻋدداً إذ ﺒﻠﻐت (60 ﻤﺴﻛن) وﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ (0.3%)ﻤن إﺠﻤﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻛن اﻟﻌﺸواﺌﯿﺔ. ﻛﻤﺎ ﺸﻬدت ﻤﻨﺎطق اﻟﻌﺸواﺌﯿﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓظﺔ اﻟﻌدﯿد ﻤن اﻟﻤﺸﻛﻼت ﯿﺌﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺒب اﻟﺘدﻫور و اﻻﻋﺘﻼﻻت اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ ﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﯿﻬﺎ.
The research, ained to study this phenomenon and its spread in most areas of Al-Muthanna Governorate and study the possibilities available to alleviate this problem and ways of developing it. The study showed that the number of random clusters in the study area reached (122) random areas or clusters until 2015, the number of random dwellings (21440 random dwellings) for the same communities and the same year. The study also showed that the random clusters are located in (8 administrative units - one) of the administrative units of Muthanna Governorate (12 administrative units – hand).
The study shows that Samawah district has a random number of random clusters (38 random gatherings) and 31.15% of the total number of slums in the governorate. It also ranked first in the number of dwellings (9782 random dwellings) and 45.6% In the study area. The study showed that the area of the crescent recorded the lowest random groupings (3 random groupings) and 2.4% of the total random areas. While the lowest number of random housing was recorded in the number of housing units (60 housing units) and 0.3% of the total number of informal dwellings.