چکیده:
ﺴﺎنﻫﺎ در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎی اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽای ﮐﻪ ﺧﻮد ﻧﯿﺎﻓﺮﯾﺪهاﻧﺪ زاده ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ و ﺑﺎز در درون ﺳﺎﻣﺎن اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﻧﻬﺎدی ﮐﻪ ﺧﻮد ﻧﺴﺎﺧﺘﻪاﻧﺪ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ و ﺗحﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖﻫﺎ، آداب، رسﻮم و ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﻫﻤﮥ اﯾﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﺰﻟﮥ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪة «ﺧﻮد» ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ، اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﻫﻤﻪ «ﻣﻦ» ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖﻫﺎی ازﭘﯿﺶﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮهای ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮﺑﻪﻓﺮد واﮐﻨﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ؛ زﯾﺮا ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ، ﺻﻮرتﻫﺎی ذﻫﻨﯽ و ﺗﺨﻠﻒﭘﺬﯾﺮﻧﺪ و ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽﮐﻪ اﻧﺴﺎن ﺑﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ عمل کند ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ خواﻫﻨﺪ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ؛ این واقعیت درمورد کنش اجتماعی اخلاقی انسانها نیز مصداق دارد؛ ﭼﺮاﮐﻪ ﺑﺎزﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ اخلاقیات در جامعه ﺗﻨﻬﺎ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻋﻤﻞ افراد ﺑﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد. در این میان یکی از ﭘﺮﺳﺶهای اﺳﺎﺳﯽ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ چه مؤلفههای ذهنی، باعث بروز کنش اجتماعی - اخلاقی افراد میشود؛ سؤالی که دراین مقاله تلاش شد با بررسی و تحلیل دیدگاه علّامه طباطبائی به آن پاسخ داده شود و آنچه که در پایان بهعنوان مؤلفههای ذهنی مؤثر در بروز کنش اجتماعی اخلاقی، شناسایی و تبیین شد شامل این موارد است: 1- معرفت؛ 2- نیاز؛ 3- ادراک اعتباری؛ 4- اراده؛ 5- ایمان. طبق دیدگاه علّامه، از بین این مؤلفهها، ایمان عامل اصلی و تضمینکننده بروز کنش اجتماعی اخلاقی از سوی افراد است.
Humans are born into social structures that are not self-created and live within a social institutional set-up that they themselves have not constructed and they operate under the pressure of constraints, customs, traditions, and laws. These all act as constituents of the “self “, but all these considered, the “I” still always responds to predetermined situations in a unique way because the rules governing society are subjective forms that can be broken, and it is only when the individual acts upon them that they manifest externally. This is also true of human moral social actions because the reproduction of morality in society is carried out only by the individuals acting by said morality. A fundamental question here is this: What subjective components lead to the manifestation of ethical social actions in individuals? In the present paper, it was strived to answer this question by examining Allameh Tabataba’i’s views through an analytic methodology. Ultimately, the following were identified as effective subjective components in the manifestation of ethical social action: 1) knowledge, 2) needs, 3) conventional conception, 4) free will, 5) emotions, and 6) faith. According to Allameh Tabataba’i, among these components, faith is the main factor that guarantees the manifestation of ethical social action by individua