چکیده:
ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪاری داﻣﻨﻪﻫﺎی ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﭘﺪﻳﺪهﻫﺎی زﻣﻴﻦﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ و رﻳﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛـﻪ در ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﺳـﻄﺢ زﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣوﺛﺮی دارد و زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎی اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ را ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗاﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮار دﻫﺪ، ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﭘﺪﻳـﺪهای ﺧﻄـﺮﻧـﺎک ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ شود؛ لذا مطالعهی حرکات تودهای حوضهی آبریز علیآباد هوراند در این تحقیق مورد عمل قرار گرفت. دادههای مورد استفاده شامل نقشههای توپوگرافی 1: 50000 و زمینشناسی 1: 100000 و لایه ی Dem 30 متر و تصویر ماهوارهای لندست8 سنجنده Oli است و از ابزارهای رایانهای Arc Map10. 1 و SPSS16 بهره گرفته شد. مراحل تحقیق بدین شرح میباشدکه ابتدا 9 متغیر مستقل موثر بر ریزش توسط متخصصین امر وزندهی شد و با پیمایش منطقه نیز ریزشهای سنگی که 90 مورد مشاهده گردید, ثبت شده و تبدیل به لایهی ریزش سنگی به عنوان متغیر وابسته شد. با تحلیل رگرسیونی تاثیر متغیرهای مستقل با وزنهای داده شده بر متغیر وابسته مورد آزمون قرار گرفته و بعد از تایید تاثیر متغیرهای مستقل بر متغیر وابسته, پهنهبندی خطر ریزشسنگی تهیه شد و دوباره با ریزشهای ثبت شده از حوضه همپوشانی گردید و نتایج نشان داد که 3/33 درصد از ریزشهای سنگی در محدوده خطر خیلیزیاد, 7/27درصد در محدوه خطر زیاد, 7/27درصد در محدوده خطر متوسط و ۷/۷ درصد در محدوده خطر کم و ۳/۳ درصد در محدوده خطر خیلیکم اتفاق افتاده است.
1-Introduction Instability of natural slopes is one of the geological and morphological phenomena that has a significant role in changing the form of surface of the earth, and when it affects human activities, it can become a dangerous phenomenon (Esfandiari, 2006: 113). Landslides as geological events related to the transportation of soil / heavy rock materials and assessment of its sensitivity, is an important task for local authorities to plan and reduce the land (Xialong Deng, 2017: 2). Therefore, many attempts have been made to assess the dangers of mass movements, and it is suggested to have its reduction methods based on the key characteristics of the slip, including scope and extent, volume, startup mechanism and recurrence, and subsequently, make decisions (Kuo Jeong Chank et al., 2018: 700). (Hemati and Hejazi 2017: 24-7) evaluated the landslide hazard zonation of Lavasanat watershed using logistic regression statistical methods and the result was stated in this way that in the studied area, areas with high risk of zoning, had a large share of the area amount of the region. Aliabad basin with the southwest - northeast trend in the geographical coordinates of - located in the east and - located in the north latitudes of the northeast of East Azarbaijan Province and southeastern part of Horand County.(Figure1) Figure (1): Geographic location of Aliabad watershed 2-Methodology 1- Topographic map (1: 50000) and geological map of Kaleybar region (1: 100000). 2- Landsat satellite images of 8 OLI sensors 3- GPS devices 4- Maps of the faults, slopes, isohyet, isotherm, evaporation, land use, elevation and hydrology 5- Envi 5.3 software 6- Statistical software of SPSS, version 16. For zoning the risk of rock falls, nine layers of information including slope, hypsometry of the region, isohyet, isotherm, evaporation, distance from the fault, distance from the river, land use and lithology were used as independent variables and to prepare the layers in Arc GIS, 1,500,000 topographies and 1.100000 geology maps were utilized, and Landsat 8 satellite imageries were used with the OLI sensor to produce the land use layer. So, after preparing the considered data, the layers were classified as raster, and in their descriptive table, a column called the standard weight was added and the classes related to each layer were calculated using a sum ranking method. In this research, the rock fall layer was considered as the dependent variable and the 9 presented layers were considered as independent variables and all layers had been evaluated in the normalization of the weight between zero and one per pixel; based on the proportion table method, each layer, having 500 weighted pixels that overall included 5000 pixels, was entered into the SPSS environment and regression analysis was performed thereof. Independent variables, including 9 variables, consisting of three PhDs in geomorphology and two Phd in geology were selected based on exports opinions considering their importance in creating and strengthening the dependent variable were weighted between zero and one numbers. 3-Results and Discussion The Chi square test for each of the independent variables, separately, showed that there was a significant relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable, and the effects of these variables on the dependent variable was acceptable. The numerical value of R was 0.953, and if the R value was closer to one, it would indicate the high validity of the test. The numerical value of the coefficient of determination of the independent variables relative to the dependent variable was 0.909, which indicated the high validity of the significance of the test, because it was closer to number one. Of course, it is clear that the value of the determination coefficient in Pseudo R Square was determined to be good, so the adjusted coefficient of determination was considered whose numerical value was 0.907. These findings indicated that roughly 90 percent of rock falls occurred in the Aliabad basin have been affected by these 9 estimated independent variables. Given that the statistical analyzes confirmed the validity of the effects of independent variables on the dependent variable according to the weightings of the experts in terms of zero and one for each variable as well as the importance of the variables in relation to each other as a binary comparison, the zoning of the risk of rock fall for the Aliabad watershed of the Horand basin was done using Arc Gis software, and in this zonation, five falling risk classes were used including very high, high, medium, low and very low . 4- Conclusion lithology and the distance from the fault and river and foot slopes were the most important factors in the formation of rock falls since the drainage system of the basin exactly followed the fault zone. The reason for this issue can be analyzed in the way that the longitudinal distance of the highest parts of this region, from the basin to the Aliabad River was lower, which has caused the slope of the basin to perform deep slices to achieve a balance in the slopes and hydrology. The southern parts of the basin are considered as one of the most susceptible basins in the geomorphologic phenomenon of rock falls and destructive cones due to the existence of alluvial formations and the lack of proper slopes and the relative reduction of the fault to the northern and eastern parts despite having significant heights and very low and low status of zonation in the risk of rock falls, and in the southwestern part of the basin, a presence of rocky outcrops in the presence of permeable cones has been also observed. This issue should be addressed to the authorities in order to avoid serious damages to the lives of the inhabitants of the basin, so that the potential risks of this phenomenon could be controlled as much as possible including: threatening communication routes and threatening rural villages and damaging electrical and telecommunication facilities, therefore, infrastructure solutions should be applied in this regard.
خلاصه ماشینی:
/ / هیدروژئومورفولوژی، شماره ی ٢٣، سال ششم ، تابستان ١٣٩٩، صص ٣٨-٢١ Hydrogeomorphology, Vol. 6, No. 23, Summer 2020, pp (21-38) بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر ریزش سنگی و پهنه بندی خطر آن با رگرسیون لجستیک در حوضه ی آبریز علی آباد هوراند صیاد اصغری سراسکانرود*١، رسول حسن زاده ٢، سهیل رئوفی 3 ١- دانشیار گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل ، ایران ٢- دانشجوی دکتری ژئومورفولوژی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، ایران ٣- کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی سیستم اطلاعات مکانی، دانشگاه همدان ، ایران وصول مقاله : ١٣٩٧/٠٦/١٧ تأیید نهایی مقاله : ١٣٩٨/٢/٣١ چکیده ناپایداری دامنه های طبیعی یکی از پدیده های زمین شناسی و ریخت شناسی است کـه در تغییر شکل سطح زمین نقش مؤثری دارد و زمانی که فعالیت های انسانی را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد، میتواند به پدیده ای خطرناک تبدیل شود؛ لذا مطالعه ی حرکات توده ای حوضه ی آبریز علیآباد هوراند در این تحقیق مورد بررسی قرار گرفت .
/ شکل (٢): نقشه ی پراکنش ریزش های سنگی حوضه ی آبریز علیآباد و طبقات ارتفاعی آن Figure (2): Map of the distribution of rock falls of Aliabad basin area and its hypsometric map ٣- تحلیل آماری لایه های ژئومورفولوژیکی و وزن دهی آن ها: برای پهنه بندی خطر ریزش های سنگی، از ٩ لایه ی اطلاعات (شکل ٣) با اقتباس از مقالات مشابه (بشیری، ١٣٩٦: ١٦٢ و روستایی و همکاران ، ١٣٩٤: ١٠٦) به عنوان متغیرهای مستقل استفاده شد و برای تهیه ی لایه ها در ArcGIS از نقشه های توپوگرافی ١,٥٠٠٠٠، زمین شناسی ١,١٠٠٠٠٠ و جهت تولید لایه ی کاربری اراضی از تصاویر ماهواره لندست ٨ با سنجنده OLI و با روش نظارت شده ماکزیمم لایکلهود١ استفاده گردید؛ سپس لایه ها بصورت رستر طبقه بندی شدند و در جدول توصیفی آن ها یک ستون به نام وزن استاندارد اضافه شد و طبقات مربوط به هر لایه با استفاده از روش مجموع رتبه ای محاسبه شد.