چکیده:
The southern Urmia lake basin, particularly the basin of Zarrine Rud, has been occupied by various human groups since
prehistoric period and later, thanks to abundant sources of water, fertile soil, rich pasturelands and variety of animals and plants. In
the first millennium BCE, this region witnessed the formation of the Kingdom of Mannea, which had an important role in cultural
and political course of the region. Despite the importance and pivotal role of Zarrine Rud basin in the hypothetical realm of Mannea,
unfortunately no sufficient research and scientific excavation has been done in this area and it has remained little-known. One of the sites
in this region is the Jowšātū fort which is of great importance because of its strategic location, the size and structure of extraordinary
and unique architecture. Architectural remnants of the Jowšātū fort include a great defensive wall on the east side, less important stone
walls, and mudbrick walls with the rubble foundation on the other sides Regarding the collected potsherds and architectural characters,
it is suggested to date back to the early Iron Age III. Yet, the architectural evidence indicates the possibility of two construction periods.
The first is related to the construction of huge stone wall which remained unfinished due to political or military reasons. In terms of
construction, there is no similar building with circular tower in the area.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Architectural remnants of the Jowšātū fort include a great defensive wall on the east side, less important stone walls, and mudbrick walls with the rubble foundation on the other sides Regarding the collected potsherds and architectural characters, it is suggested to date back to the early Iron Age III.
2. Aerial image of Maghāre Mountain, architectural remains and illegal excavations taken place and aerial image of the fort where the great defensive wall and illegal excavations is seen (latter image by the author).
54 Architectural remains Architectural remains of the Jowšātū Fort include a large defensive wall on the east side (Figs.
The Defensive Wall The most important architectural remains at the Jowšātū Fort is part of a defensive wall on the east side, probably built to protect the site in case of enemy infiltration into to the fortress, presumably from this side.
View of the northern and exterior faҫade of the defensive wall showing the architectural details at the junction of the Tower (image by the author).
On the upper surface of one of the blocks of stone, there are carved signs that due to sedimentation on it, are likely to be dated to the construction time of defensive wall (Fig. 19).
The Jowšātū Fort defensive wall was constructed with large blocks of stones some of which 2.
The construction methods of this wall, on the other hand, is remarkably different compared to Manneaen examples of Zendan-e Suleiman (Von der Osten 1373: 104-108), Qalaichi (Kargar 2004), Jan Āghā (Binandeh & Kargar 2008) and other forts of northwest of Irān dated to early first millennium BCE.