چکیده:
This study examines the construction of Sufi monastery (khānaqāh) associated with the Cheshtiyyeh, Kazerouniyyeh, Sohravardiyyeh, and Kobraviyyeh orders in Iran and the Indian subcontinent from the 13th to the 15th centuries. khānaqāhs were central to Sufi life, serving as residences, gathering places, and centers of spiritual practice. This research investigates the patronage behind their construction, analyzing the roles of Sufis themselves, sultans, courtiers, and merchants. Employing a descriptive-analytical approach based on library research, the study reveals that monastery construction across these orders lacked a unified policy or standardized practice. Royal and courtly patronage was driven by diverse motives, ranging from seeking the support of these influential orders to attempting to control their social impact. Merchants' involvement reflected similar pragmatism, mirroring the evolving nature and social standing of Sufism in Iran and the Indian subcontinent during this period.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Policies for the Construction of Khanqahs for the Chishti, Kazeruni, Suhrawardi, and Kubravi Sufi Orders in Iran and the Indian Subcontinent (7th-9th centuries AH) 1 Masoumeh Hadi 1.
Policies for the Construction of Khanqah for the Chishti, Kazeruni, Suhrawardi and Kubravi Sufi Orders in Iran and the Indian Subcontinent (7th-9th centuries AH).
Therefore, the research questions of the present study are: what policy did the construction of Khanqahs follow among the Chishti, Kazeruni, Suhrawardi, and Kubravi orders in Iran and the Indian subcontinent from the 7th to the 9th centuries AH, and what was the role of Sufis, sultans, courtiers, and merchants in this regard?
The number of these is noteworthy, and it can be said that the largest volume of Khanqahs built by sultans and courtiers for Sufis in Iran and the Indian subcontinent from the 7th to the 9th centuries was dedicated to the Chishti order.
The Suhrawardi Order Regarding the construction of Khanqahs by sultans and courtiers for the Suhrawardi order in Iran, it can be said that due to the connection of the Divani Juini family with Baghdad and the powerful presence of the Suhrawardi order in this city in the second half of the 7th century, Khwaja Shams al-Din Muhammad Juini built a Khanqah for the Suhrawardis in Tabriz (Mostofi, 1364: 676).
(
, 
, 
)
