چکیده:
•Problem statement Ibn-Khaldun (1332-1406 A.C) was one of the greatest scholars of Islamic civilization. In part of his book, he presents a model for the transformation and evolution of life in nomadism to sedentary. The Mongols were also a nomadic people with a pastoral economy and they had little cognition of sedentary lifestyle and its conditions. In the 13th century, they were able to build a vast empire in Asia and Europe. The Mongol nomadic invasion of Iran (1219 AD) caused the occupation of its eastern regions and afterwards led to the establishment of the Ilkhanate dynasty (1256-1335 AD). The process of confrontation and subsequent domination of the Mongol nomads over the Iranian sedentaries over several years led to Mongols life style switch from nomadic life to sedentaries life. The authors of this article intend to utilize Ibn Khaldun's view in the process of switch the lifestyle of the Mongol nomads from nomadism to sedentary in Iran.•QuestionHow can it be explained the Mongols life style switch from nomadic life to sedentaries life in Iran according to Ibn- Khaldun's theory?MethodologyThe method used in this study is historical analysis. FindingsThe findings show that Ibn-Khaldun's view can explain Mongols switch lifestyle in Iran. Furthermore can be used as a remarkable model to explain and understand the switch of nomadic tribes in Iran especially from the period of Seljuq dynasty to pre- Safavid era. Conclusion During the research, it was determined that Ibn Khaldun emphasizes the three components of geography (nature and climate), economic (lifestyle) and social (asabiyyaht) in studying the lifestyle of nomadic societies and its transformation. These components were used in studying transformation the lifestyle of Mongol society in Iran and was determined proportion of these concepts to the society. Thus, the nomadic Mongols lived in a harsh climate, had a simple life and was away from urban luxuries, the force of asabiyyaht that had caused a strong social cohesion among them led to the defeat of the sedentary Iranians. The Mongols With the conquest of Iran and the interaction with the Iranian sedentary, gradually became accustomed with sedentary lifestyle. The Mongols could not resist the material and immaterial attractiveness of the culture Iranian sedentaries, so they abandoned many Mongol customs and were encouraged to sedentary. Eventually the Mongols began rebuilding and developing damaged cities or building new ones and they dwelt in them.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Understanding the reasons for the transformation of the Mongol lifestyle from nomadism to sedentary life in Iran based on Ibn Khaldun's theory Date of receipt: 1400/06/02 Date of acceptance: 1400/11/11 1 Ali Bahranipour 2 Shahram Jalilian Ali Lajmorak Moradi 3 Abstract The synthesis of history and theory is one of the methods used by many researchers, especially historians and sociologists.
The main goal of this research is to explain and investigate the transformation of the Mongol lifestyle from nomadism to sedentary life in Iran in the 7th and 8th centuries AH based on Ibn Khaldun's theory.
Background of the Research Numerous studies on Ibn Khaldun’s ideas about nomadism and sedentary life have been published so far, including “Ibn Khaldun’s Ideas about Nomadism” by Hossein Sinaei (1367); “The Evolution of the Phenomenon of Urbanization and the Social Characteristics of Urban Dwellers in Ibn Khaldun’s Thought” by Masoud Alimardani (1385); “Ibn Khaldun’s Views on the Effects of Geographical Factors on Humans,” written by Mohammad Reza Hafez Nia (1375).
The innovative aspect of this research is that it seeks exclusively to apply Ibn Khaldun’s theoretical model to explain why the Mongol lifestyle changed from nomadism to sedentary life in Iran.
During this research, it was determined that Ibn Khaldun, in examining the way of life of nomadic societies and its transformation, emphasizes three components: geographical (nature and climate), economic (livelihood), and social (‘Asabiyyah).
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