چکیده:
Simile forms the deep structure of many innovative crafts, and in the rhetorical books of the early and late generations, various types and types of it are mentioned, each of which plays an artistic role in different ways in depicting and reflecting poetic imaginations; The efforts and careful analysis of rhetoric scholars in categorizing and classifying all kinds of similes are praiseworthy, however, sometimes in studying the literature of poets and digging into the imaginations of Persian speakers, we come across similes that are found in books. Rhetoric has not been investigated in a separate and scientific way; One of these similes is a simile with a completely independent syntactic structure and purposes, which is opposite to preferential similes. The present essay seeks to analyze these types of similes in the works of speakers of different periods in a descriptive-analytical way. The obtained results show that this type of simile has been used since ancient times and its oldest use was found in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. These types of similes have different types, in some cases, the speaker portrays the simile - the opposite of the preferential simile - as inferior and less than the simile, and sometimes the speaker of the praise industry is similar to blame. takes advantage and uses the simile in a way that looks suspicious of it, while the purpose of the simile was to praise the simile, and finally, sometimes the purpose of the simile is not in the sides of the simile, but in the element of the simile. The third one, which is outside the pillars of simile, searched that the poet uses this type of simile structures to bow down or express its condemnation.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Various forms of imagination and also types of simile are derived from the same similarity that the poet's imaginative power discovers among objects and expresses in various forms” (Pournamdarian, 1374: 181); Therefore, in the literature of all nations, especially in Persian literature, simile has been one of the earliest forms of imagery among poets (see Dad, 1387: 135), and a look at the poems of the pioneers of Persian poetry confirms this claim; verses from Muhammad ibn Wasif Sagzi – who, according to the History of Sistan, is considered the first speaker of Persian poetry – addressed to Yaqub Leith Safar: O king, that the kings of the world, both special and general, are your servant and attendant, master and dog-binder and slave.
Another type of these similes that we intend to delve into in this research is a simile that is at the opposite pole of detailed similes; That is, just as detailed similes talk about the superiority of the simile, in this type of simile, the degradation and lack of the simile and even a third element that is outside the two sides of the simile are discussed, and in ancient rhetorical and literary books, this type of simile is not mentioned; This simile, although it has its own special pictorial and syntactic structures and Persian poets have used it at different times, has remained hidden from our rhetoric scholars, in addition to the fact that the apparent structure of this simile is like a tacit simile, implicit, meaning “in this style of expression, The poet brings forth speech in such a way that it seems as if he does not intend to make a simile, which causes the listener's mind to initially not notice the presence of a simile and, through searching, delving, and pondering the relationships of the words, to realize it” (Talebian & Mohammadi, 1384: 42).
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