چکیده:
Identifying the economic situation of the Kushans in historical studies of the Kushans and Central Asia is of great importance. For this purpose, trade and commerce, agriculture and animal husbandry, handicrafts, and the income of Buddhist temples were selected as the main components in identifying the economic situation of the Kushans. Despite the fact that each of these components played a fundamental role in the economic prosperity of the Kushans, they have received less attention from researchers. Investigating and analyzing the economic activities of the Kushans, especially commercial activities and the factors influencing them, is one of the goals of this research. Therefore, by posing the question of what factors caused the progress and prosperity of the Kushan economy and how this economic prosperity was achieved, the role of each of the aforementioned components in the economic situation of the Kushans has been examined and investigated separately. The results of the investigations showed that among all the determined components, foreign trade with countries such as China, India, Iran, and Greece, which were mainly located on the Silk Road, should be considered the main factor in the flourishing and prosperity of the Kushan economy. It was also found that although the geographical territory of the Kushans provided the necessary facilities for economic prosperity, it was the prudent Kushan rulers who, by adopting correct policies and ensuring security, provided the ground for using environmental facilities to achieve a prosperous and flourishing economy.
خلاصه ماشینی:
For this purpose, trade and commerce, agriculture and animal husbandry, handicrafts, and income from Buddhist temples were selected as the main components in identifying the economic situation of the Kushans.
The results of the investigations showed that among all the identified components, foreign trade with countries such as China, India, Iran, and Greece, which were mainly located on the Silk Road, should be considered the main factor in the flourishing and prosperity of the Kushan economy.
The most comprehensive research on the economic situation of the Kushans is the article by Muhammadjanov, which examines the development of irrigation, agriculture, animal husbandry, handicrafts and construction, coins and monetary system, trade and land ownership during the Kushan period (1376: 29- 67).
It is assumed that among the two factors of the geographical and environmental situation of the Kushans or their political and administrative system, one must be considered as the main factor in the flourishing of their economic situation; In this regard, trade and commerce, agriculture and animal husbandry, handicrafts and income of Buddhist temples were determined as major components in identifying the economic situation of the Kushans.
Northern Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, all of Afghanistan, southern Pakistan today, the northern part of India, and also in the west of India, the regions located in the lower reaches of the Indus River (Masson, 1984: 33) and parts of Greater Khorasan are considered part of the Kushan Empire (Behzadi, 1373: 70); However, according to historical sources, communication routes between Pamir and the Kyrgyz and Kazakh regions were also under Kushan control (Khademi Nadooshan & Azizi Pour, 1391: 74) (Map 1).
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