چکیده:
With the collapse of the Soviet Union، the Armenian Republic gained its independence in 1991 and Turkey was one of the first countries that recognized Armenian independence after the collapse of the USSR. Since 1993، the Armenian borders with Turkey had been closed and the atmosphere of mistrust between the two countries remained strong. Only in 2009 the two countries tried to open their borders. Some Armenians have criticized the Turkish government for the closure of borders in some Western organizations and associations. Bearing in mind the importance of this issue، this study aims to answer this central question: What are the reasons for divergence in relations between Turkey and Armenia? The research hypothesis is that the tension between Azerbaijan and Armenia over Karabakh region is the main reason of divergence. Territorial claims of Armenians and the genocide issue can be the other obstacles in the normalization of relations between the two neighboring countries. This article reviews the occupation of Nagorno Karabakh impact on the relations between Armenia and Turkey. Then the role of Armenians outside of Armenia and the Armenian claims issue in bilateral relations have been discussed. At the end of the article، attempts for the normalization of relations between the two countries and signing of protocols are the objects of deliberation. This paper shows that in the current situation، there is no possibility of normalization of relations between the two countries.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In 1991, with the collapse of the Soviet Union, Turkey was one of the first countries to recognize Armenia's independence and sought to expand relations with Armenia; but the Armenians considered the collapse of the Soviet Union as an opportunity and sought to occupy Nagorno-Karabakh and other territories of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
In response to this, it should be said: the occupation of Nagorno-Karabakh by Armenia and the subsequent opposition Contexts of Divergence in Turkey-Armenia Relations 37 The Republic of Azerbaijan has been and continues to be a major obstacle to the expansion of relations between the two countries, and later on, one can refer to the role of the diaspora1, the issue of the Armenian genocide, and territorial disputes.
On the other hand, the historical experiences and memories of Armenians regarding the Armenian genocide during World War I by the Ottomans have had a significant impact on the direction of Armenia's foreign policy and have led to the identification and cohesion of the diaspora and its hostility towards Turkey and cast a shadow over this country's relations with Turkey.
Dashnaksion Grounds for Divergence in Turkey-Armenia Relations 39 The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict and the Republic of Azerbaijan's Opposition From the beginning of 1988, differences between Armenians and Azerbaijanis in the South Caucasus gradually became apparent.
During the massacre of more than 600 people from the city of Khojali 1 in the Republic of Azerbaijan, located in the Nagorno-Karabakh region, by the Armenian army in February 1992, widespread demonstrations took place in Turkey, and the then-President Turgut Ozal 2 announced that he was examining the issue of military intervention against Armenia (Hale, 2008: 272-271).
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