چکیده:
In the Mamluk period, Ibn Sarrāj (d. 747 AH) was a judge, Sufi, and scholar from Damascus and was a follower of the Rifā’iyya order. Among his works, the book titled Tashwīq al-Arwāḥ wa al-Qulūb, particularly its third part Tuffāh al-Arwāḥ wa Miftāḥ al-Irbāḥ, is devoted to the virtues of Sufis. This study investigates the content and the importance of Ibn Sarrāj’s works in studying the history of the Rifā’iyya order. The results of this study reveal that although Ibn Sarrāj’s works are mostly focused on hagiography, they also include essential information about Rifā’iyya's condition in the earliest years of spreading, written by of a Rifā’iyya's Sufi. They provide us with specific information about Aḥmad al-Rifā’i’s ancestors in his origin (al-Batāʾiḥ region), the interactions between Rifā’iyya and Ilkhanids, and theurgies of Rifā’iyya's Sufis.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The results of this research indicate that although the approach of hagiography and attributing miracles dominates Ibn Sarraj’s works, as it is one of the earliest texts written by a Rifai Sufi, it can provide important insights into understanding the state of the Rifai order during its formation and dissemination; especially in areas such as recognizing the ancestors of Ahmad Rifa'i in the Batḥāʾ region, the sheikhs of the Rifai order in the family of Ahmad Rifa'i, the interaction of Rifai Sufis with the Ilkhanate, and the miracles attributed to the Rifaiyans.
The book Rawdat al-Nazirin wa Khulasat Manqib al-Salihin by Diya al-Din Ahmad ibn Muhammad Watri (alive in 980 AH), a Rifa'i Sufi in the 10th century AH, is another important work on the biographies of the sheikhs of the Rifai order.
Ibn Siraj ends the second section of the book Tafah al-Arwah with transmissions (narrations) of miracles and the biography of Ahmad al-Rifa'i, and the manuscript of the book, which probably includes the first half of the third section, ends with detailed narrations of the miracles of the author Sheikh Taj al-Din al-Rifa'i.
Conclusion The book Tashwiq al-Arwah wa al-Qulub is Ibn Siraj’s most important extant work, and within it, the author includes ِ the text of several other books and treatises of his own, including the book Tafah al-Arwah wa Mafتاح al-Arbah – on the virtues and miracles of the Sufis – and the treatise al-Nur al-Hadi – on the miracles of the sheikhs of the Rifa'iyyah order.
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