چکیده:
This study attempts to explore the development and evolution of Mackinder's geopolitical thinking in world politics of British Empire and its influence thereafter. This research paper examines the characteristics of geopolitical perspective of Britain, through Halford Mackinder's Heartland theory during the three periods of the early twentieth century to the present time. In this regard, the paper will review variables of territorial status, power, geopolitical rivalries, and geopolitical determinism to explore the core thesis of Mackinder's geopolitics and implications of British international politics today. The article approaches realism/neorealism for understanding the role of Mackinder's geopolitical considerations in Britain's global politics. The Author argues that Mackinder primarily tried to identify geopolitical advantages and disadvantages of Great Britain, and then, finding solutions to sustain British Empire's life and prevent its decline. The findings show that interactions of identified factors played a role in policy development and geopolitical rivalries with other European powers. This article suggests that the foreign policy decisions of British statesmen have largely influenced by Mackinder's geopolitical variables in terms of balance of power and the continuity of Britain's influence during the Empire and in the present time in some parts of the world, including Eurasia and the Middle East. It suggests that Mackinder's theory is extensively used in international politics of America and Britain since the end of the Cold War.
خلاصه ماشینی:
This article, while paying attention to the historical evolution and development of Mackinder’s geopolitical perspective, studies the position of this theory in Britain’s foreign relations by examining variables such as territorial location, power, geopolitical determinism, and geopolitical competition.
This article is also based on the hypothesis that Mackinder’s “Heartland” theory was presented to the statesmen of Britain of that day to liberate itself from the constraints of British geopolitical determinism and to develop this country’s world policies, especially in order to rebuild the old and crumbling structures of the empire.
” Therefore, there is no documented and reliable scientific research available regarding the relationship between Britain’s geopolitical situation and its land and sea territory with this country’s global policies; and also the political, identity, and international process and context in which Mackinder’s theory was formed and introduced into practice by Britain.
This issue, to what extent the mutual influence of factors such as territorial position, political power, and geopolitical characteristics led to the implementation of Halford Mackinder's theory in Britain's global policies, will be explained later.
However, from the late 19th century, the British geopolitical doctrine in the Middle East, with the help of friends and supporters of Mackinder's theory who had official positions and influence in determining this country's global policies, left its mark more than in other parts of the world.
By studying how the British Empire developed, the role of factors and variables such as territorial location, land power, geopolitical determinism, and geopolitical competition, the geopolitical approach in determining and defining Britain's global interests was put on the agenda by the statesmen of this country.
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