چکیده:
One of the mechanisms that has had the most impact on changing the status of minority groups and the deprived in contemporary societies during the years after World War II is a mechanism called "positive discrimination," which has been very controversial both in relation to its inherent legitimacy and in relation to its actual impact on changing positions. The application of this method in relation to the position of women in many countries of the world and in various fields such as women's entry into universities, management levels, and generally to female jobs has been the subject of various discussions, which can be fruitful considering the special position of women in our country and at the current stage when Iranian society is experiencing huge and deep transformations. In fact, the position of women in Iranian society over the past three decades has witnessed noticeable changes, which can be clearly seen in their widespread social presence and participation, especially in some areas such as universities and intellectual and literary life. Despite this effective presence, the consequences of which will increase even more in the coming years due to the entry of current students into the field of social life, it does not have a suitable and worthy equivalent at the employment level. The employment of Iranian women shows a relatively fragile situation, which can be observed both in its absolute figures compared to male employment and in its quality, i.e., the level of skill and the importance of job opportunities obtained by women in job hierarchies. Of course, this situation cannot be considered specific to Iran or even specific to developing countries. In many developed countries, women's entry into work areas and especially their promotion in job hierarchies did not take place in the form of an automatic and gradual transformation, but with difficulty and relying on their own equal demands and struggles. These efforts gradually pushed back the existing patriarchal requirements in human societies and paved the way for transforming their own position. The purpose of the current article is, above all, to discuss this mechanism, its historical roots, how it adapts to the position of women in developed and developing countries, and ultimately the possibility of using it considering its strengths and weaknesses in the current situation in Iran.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The application of this method in relation to the position of women in many countries of the world and in various fields such as women's entry into universities, managerial levels, and generally to female jobs has been the subject of various discussions, which can be fruitful given the specific situation of women in our country and in the current period when Iranian society is experiencing huge and profound transformations.
Introduction and Statement of the Problem “Positive Discrimination[1],” sometimes referred to as “Positive Action[2],” refers to a group of structures, frameworks, and legal guidelines and practical forms that can be used permanently or in specific periods to remove a particular social, political, religious, or gender group from an unfavorable position relative to the relevant community and provide that group with more opportunities for growth and flourishing in an accelerated manner: “In international law, like [national laws] in many countries, positive discrimination is a method that acts as a key tool in policymaking to compensate for differences between groups.
According to this human development report, the combined gross enrollment rate for primary, secondary, and higher education (2001-2000) for Iranian women was 63% (compared to 66% for men), which places us in a situation close to Saudi Arabia (60%), Azerbaijan (69%), China (62%), Algeria (69%), Syria (61%) and Egypt (72%).
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