چکیده:
Today, in Neolithic archaeology, paleoclimatology is considered one of the fundamental approaches. Around the 10th millennium BC, widespread Holocene changes provided the preconditions for the Neolithic Revolution and the emergence of village life. Holocene developments also transformed the biogeography of the Iranian Plateau; and between approximately 12,800 BC and 3,500 years BC, the air temperature, vegetation, and fauna changed repeatedly; until the climate of the Iranian Plateau stabilized around 3,500 years BC, information about which has so far been obtained from Lake Urmia and Zaribar in the western half of the Iranian Plateau. Therefore, more information is available about the climatic developments of the Holocene period from the western half of the Iranian Plateau than from the eastern half. Holocene developments led to the core of early village life and the origin of pastoralism in the Iranian Plateau being located in the northern-central Zagros region. Therefore, early village life in the Iranian Plateau, like Palestine and southeastern Anatolia, has a climatic-geographical origin; and follows a diffusionist model. Khuzestan and Azerbaijan were among the first regions to enter the Neolithic period under the influence of the cultural-social developments of the northern-central Zagros. Also, the early Holocene climate changes also affected the quality of life of the Neolithic inhabitants of the Iranian Plateau; because the gradual development of the drying of the Iranian Plateau's climate and the expansion of desert and semi-desert areas and steppe vegetation led to the emergence and stabilization of pastoralism and dry farming.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The results of these transformations were very difficult and challenging for the people of the Upper Paleolithic period in the region, and changed their patterns of nutrition and settlement; It should also be noted that, based on archaeological data, the process of the emergence of agriculture and animal husbandry in the Near East, in the Early Aceramic Neolithic (PPNA) stage, has been dated and reported simultaneously with the Younger Dryas (Hillman, Moore, 1992).
Of course, due to the decrease in rainfall in the early Holocene, forests did not develop much in the arid regions of the Near East; and in general, the climate of central and eastern Anatolia and western Zagros is not classified as rainy and watery in the Neolithic era (Roberts, 2002).
Paleoclimate research in northern Zagros has proven that the climate of the western half of the Iranian plateau, from the end of the Pleistocene to the middle Holocene, has changed from cold and dry to warm and humid and then dry in order; and especially in the area connecting northern Zagros to southeastern Taurus, steppe cover is expanding (1993, Wright Jr.
). Based on the results of paleoclimate research in Lake Zarivar, the climatic transformations of the Zagros are listed below (1969, Van Zeist; 1967, Wright Jr. et al): 1- Late Pleistocene period around 12,800-9,600 BC: The air was cold and dry, and the land was barren and treeless, and the dominant vegetation in central Zagros was Chenopodium and Artemisia.
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