چکیده:
The Karun River is one of the largest border rivers and the only navigable river in Iran. In addition to these features, it is the only river connected to international waters and the world's oceans, but for several years this river has turned into a low-water and polluted river and is used as a means of transferring all kinds of urban and rural sewage. All these factors have caused the pollution of the Karun River to face problems not only the drinking water of the people of the province, but even the quality of agricultural water and the production of high-quality products, especially in the middle and southern regions of the province. Countries must prepare laws and conventions regarding surface water pollution at the domestic and international levels in order to prevent the pollution of rivers such as Karun. In this article, an attempt has been made to legally analyze the legal materials for the protection of surface waters against water pollution, especially the protection and restoration of the Karun River, and to examine Iran's national and international responsibility for the pollution of the Karun River, and finally to provide suggestions and solutions for its restoration.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Legal Analysis of Water Pollution Laws with a Case Study of the Karun River and Iran's National and International Responsibility Regarding It Jalil Maleki 1, Mohammad Abdollahi 2*, Leila Bajelan 3 1.
Water pollution is not defined in international law, only in paragraph 2 of Article 1 of the Convention on Climate Change related to the 1992 United Nations Conference in Rio, it is stated that “climate change means those changes directly or indirectly caused by human activities that alter the composition of the Earth's atmosphere and, in addition to naturally observed climate changes, are observed in comparison with similar time periods.
” According to this article, oil-contaminated ballast water is considered a type of pollution for which regulations have been established to prevent its problems, and similarities between this law and the MARPOL Convention and its predecessor can be seen.
Article 2 of the Regulations for Preventing Water Pollution approved on 1363/9/24 and revised on 1373/2/18 prohibits any action that provides grounds for water pollution and obliges the Department of Environmental Protection to, in cooperation with the Ministries of Agriculture, Jihad-e-Sazandegi, Health and Treatment, and other related ministries and organizations, investigate and identify the quality of Iran's waters in terms of pollution as appropriate.
In our country, considering the principle of non-criminal liability of legal persons and paragraph 13 of Article 1 of the Regulations for Preventing Water Pollution approved in 1373, it states: “By responsible person, we mean the legal person who manages or is in charge of pollution sources and… is a factor in creating pollution in various ways.
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