چکیده:
The collapse of the Soviet Union had unpredicted effects on its neighboring regions such as Central Asia. These conditions provided a situation for the powers such as United States and Russia to have a greater influence on Central Asia، and also to fill the absence of the power found by the collapse of Soviet Union. After September 11، 2001، United States of America، following the strategy of preventive action centered on the fight against terrorism and the threat of weapons of mass destruction، tried to have more direct influence on Central Asia. On the other hand، Russia، concerned about the risk to their relative position in the area، after a brief period of cooperation with the United States of America in the fight against terrorism، tried to stop United States from acting unilaterally in its own traditional sphere of influence. Accordingly، the authors try to analyze the effects of competition between United States and Russia on regional convergence and divergence of central Asia (after September 11، 2001) using the theories of Cantori and Spiegel. The research hypothesis is that the competition between the two powers in the area is responsible for the countries of Central Asia to tend toward one of these two powers for solving their problems and this delayed the formation of convergent regional agreements in Central Asia.
خلاصه ماشینی:
269-288 Investigating the Impact of Russia and America’s Competition on the Process of Convergence and Divergence in Central Asia (2001-2008) * Mohammadjavad Ranjkesh Assistant Professor of International Relations, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Navidreza Latifan Master of Arts in International Relations, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (Received: 2015/12/10 - Approved: 2016/04/28) Abstract The collapse of the Soviet Union left unforeseen effects on the world’s political situation, especially in Central Asia, including the activation of regional and global powers that until then could not play a fundamental role in this region due to the effective presence of the Soviet Union.
If the 1950s and 1980s are considered the first and second generations of regionalism, respectively; but in the post-Cold War era, this 274 Central Eurasian Studies, Volume 9, Number 2, Autumn and Winter 1395 Globalization is what has led countries to align with this process towards regional unions within the framework of constructive convergence with other countries in political, economic, and cultural spheres, and countries' efforts to preserve and expand their sphere of influence in international interactions are the main reasons for their tendency towards regional integration known as “New Regionalism” (261: 2005, Farrell and Others).
284 Central Eurasian Studies, Volume 9, Number 2, Autumn and Winter 1395 C) The Impact of Competition between Russia and America on the Trend of Political-Social Convergence and Divergence in Central Asia Following the influence and intervention of the West led by America, the entire area of the Independent States and including the Central Asian region witnessed the emergence of a new phenomenon called the “Color Revolutions,” which America was able to overthrow some of the ruling governments and pro-Eastern governments in these countries by inciting and organizing opposition forces and bringing pro-Western governments to power (Naqdi Nejad & Suri, 1387: 169).
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