چکیده:
Study of economic efficiency is of particular significance in evaluation of the public sector of the economy. There two alternative critorias for the measurement of efficiency: namely Ratio Analysis، and Frontier 'Analysis. The first criteria takes the ratio of inputs as compared to the outputs. The second criteria، however.first attempts to stablisb the product and cost efficiency frontiers. Then it indicates those activities onthe frontier as optimal operations. While the activities under the frontier are considered as inefficient. Estimation ofefficiency frontiers and comparing the position of each firm'S location to them is the main stage of analysis. Both econometric methods and linear Programming methods can be employed for this purpose. Data Envelope Analysis (DEA) is a particular linear Programming method where there is no special depency fOrm. This paper intends to use the DEA method for the measurement of factor eJficiency in 36 major universities in Iran. The study concludes that 14 of the institutions are found to be eHident under constant return to scale condition. while under a variable return to scale criteria there are 16 universities categorized as eHicient. The average eJJldency ratio is estimated as 0.808 under the first asumption، and it is 0.858 underthe second asumption.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In this article, using the DEA method, the technical efficiency of inputs of 36 major universities in the country has been measured, and according to the obtained results, assuming constant returns to scale, 14 universities and assuming variable returns to scale, 16 universities are efficient.
In measuring technical efficiency, which relates to the technological structure of branches and pays attention to the relationship between inputs and products, two concepts are considered.
That is, apart from the discussion of technical inefficiency, they define another efficiency called structural efficiency, which is also the zeroing of the values of input and product auxiliary variables in the linear programming relationships of AED, and its concept is the positivity of the marginal return of all inputs.
In their study, the technical efficiency of the research product of 36 economics faculties in the UK was estimated, which after various estimates using different input and product variables, finally three final appropriate estimates were obtained to measure the technical efficiency of the product in SRC mode, and based on that, performance comparison was made.
Table (2) shows the size of input technical efficiency in SRC and SRV states, and the size of scale efficiency and the type of returns to scale for all universities using the software system PAED obtains.
These values determine how much of specific products each university should obtain with what level of current budgets to have technical and structural efficiency.
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