چکیده:
The process of crisis-making in West Asia has manifested and expanded in various forms over the past decades, accompanied by numerous ups and downs. These include the rise of governments resulting from military coups in some countries, as well as royal systems in others, the war between Arabs and Israel, the Iran-Iraq War as the longest conventional war in the 20th century, the continuation of the competitive process between the two superpowers and the emergence of Warsaw and NATO as their military arms, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, and finally the collapse of the Soviet Union as one of the bipolar poles and the end of the Cold War. These were among the most important factors influencing developments in West Asia until the 1990s. Shortly after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Samuel Huntington announced with his "Clash of Civilizations" theory that future conflicts would not take the form of wars between states, but rather clashes between civilizations. Following that, developments such as the emergence of extremist and terrorist movements, the American attack on Afghanistan and Iraq, and ultimately the events known as the Arab Spring can be named as effective examples in the West Asia region. The question this research seeks to answer is: What factors have caused the escalation of crisis in West Asia, especially after the developments known as the "Arab Spring" in 2011? The answer is that the main causes of this increase in crisis stem from the prominence of cultural identities and intra-civilizational clashes, which have resulted in various alignments such as Sunni-Shia, Arab-non-Arab, and the like, leading to a rift between regional governments and the intervention of extra-regional powers, ultimately causing the conditions in countries such as Iraq, Syria, and Yemen, and the entire region to become critical.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The answer is that the main causes of this increase in crisis stem from the prominence of cultural identities and intra-civilizational clashes, the result of which has manifested in the form of various alignments such as Sunni-Shia, Arab-non-Arab, and the like, leading to a rift between regional governments and also the intervention of extra-regional powers, and ultimately causing the conditions in countries such as Iraq, Syria, and Yemen, and the entire region to become critical.
The Palestinian crisis and tensions between Arabs and Israel, the eight-year Iran-Iraq war, the occupation of Kuwait by Iraq, the American military attack on Iraq (Akhavan Kazemi, 1379: 115), the Soviet attack on Afghan soil, the rise of extremist movements and the expansion of terrorism, the increasing expansion of military bases of major powers in this region, and the developments of the Arab Spring can be considered as part of the important examples of the escalation of the Middle East crisis after the end of World War II.
In total, the most important consequences of the escalation of the crisis in the West Asia (Middle East) region are: 1- Disruption between regional powers; 2- A place for intense competition between the United States and Russia; 3- The growing spread of terrorism at the regional and international levels and becoming a serious threat globally; 4- The expansion of the migration crisis from the region and especially from war-torn countries to other areas; 5- Increased security of Israel as the most important problem of the Islamic world in the past 70 years.
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