چکیده:
There are some verbs in the early Persian texts in which instead of the normal verb endings, the enclitic personal pronouns are attached to the past stem; therefore they have been termed as 'pronoun-constructed' verbs by researchers of Persian grammar. The main usage of these verbs are optative or conditional and there are reliable evidence of 2nd person singular and plural and also 1st person plural. Although some suspicious evidence is available from other persons, one cannot be sure of their accuracy and relevance to these verbs. The only accepted explanation on the antecedent of these verbs is Lazard’s view that the existence of the pronoun in these constructions is related to some of the ergative verbs in Middle Persian in which instead of a pronoun preceding the past stem, the enclitic pronoun is attached to it. In this paper first the weakness of this view will be shown and then it is proposed that the enclitic pronoun has been attached through a reanalysis of the of the first person singular verbal ending as the first person enclitic pronoun. Such a reanalysis has also examples in Sogdian.
خلاصه ماشینی:
A Discussion on Verb Construction with Pronoun Affixes 1 Mohammad Hassan Jalalian Chalestari Associate Professor of Ancient Cultures and Languages, Tabriz University (From page 35 to page 53) Article Received: 2019-11-12; Article Accepted: 2019-12-30 In the surviving texts of Old Persian, in the construction of some verbs, unlike the usual form of the verb in this language, personal pronouns are used instead of the verb’s inflectional endings.
What can be gleaned from the available evidence in Middle Persian texts regarding this structure is as follows: In transitive verbs, the optative or obligative present tense form of the copula verb -h, agreeing with the logical object (= grammatical subject), was added to the past stem.
Tafazzoli, in a footnote to an article by Ravaghi about these verbs, repeated Lazar’s opinion and considered these constructions to be derived from the inflection of transitive verbs in Middle Persian, where “attached pronouns, instead of coming before the object (9), can sometimes (especially in poetry) be attached to the object itself” (cf.
Khanlari placed the third section of these verbs under optative verbs and considered them remnants of the optative mood of Middle Persian and the result of adding “i” to the end of past and present stems, which are used in sentences beginning with words like “kashki, daryaqa and daryaqa agar.
In this fifty-one-page article, the opinions of previous researchers are first mentioned and then a categorization of types of constructions in which, like Middle Persian, attached or detached pronouns indicate the person and number of the verb is presented.
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