چکیده:
Behavioral public policy, an emergent field drawing insights from behavioral sciences, has gained considerable traction among scholars and policymakers within the last two decades. It offers promising avenues for addressing diverse societal challenges across health, education, environment, economics, and culture. The remarkable effectiveness and cost-efficiency of "nudge" interventions, as primary and widely adopted behavioral mechanisms, have rapidly led to the establishment of nudge units globally. Simultaneously, the nudge approach has faced scholarly criticism concerning its ethical implications, reliability, and long-term efficacy, paving the way for alternative frameworks such as "boost" and "nudge plus." Given the growing interest in this domain among Iranian academics and executives, this research investigates the foundational principles and mechanisms of behavioral change within behavioral public policy. It specifically explores the potential application of these principles within the framework of Islamic policy-making. Focusing on the comprehensive Islamic thought of Martyr Motahari, the study employs a "implication research method" to deduce implications for a holistic Islamic behavioral policy framework. The findings indicate that the Islamic perspective views human perfection through the harmonious interplay of intellect and will, leading to purposeful actions aligned with higher human ideals. This perspective adopts a growth-oriented and pedagogical approach to human action, emphasizing internal transformation and the deepening of insights as fundamental. However, it also acknowledges the role of external interventions and action facilitation as catalysts for profound internal change. In both forms of change, the transformation of inclinations is considered essential and foundational. Based on the Islamic worldview, an Islamic government can utilize behavioral mechanisms within Sharia boundaries to: (1) facilitate purposeful actions for the general populace, particularly concerning matters of practical intellect and in the initial stages of interventions; and (2) foster persuasion towards a specific policy, with an emphasis on transforming inclinations.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Exploring the Implications of Martyr Motahhari's Thought in the Analysis and Change of Human Action for the Field of Behavioral Policy Mikail Norouzi Researcher at the Growth Center and PhD student, Department of Public Policy, Faculty of Islamic Studies and Management, Imam Sadiq (AS) University, Tehran, Iran.
Based on the Islamic view, the Islamic government can use behavioral mechanisms while observing Sharia limits in order to (1) facilitate the performance of management actions for the general public, regarding subjects of 'aql al-ma'ash' (reason for livelihood) and in the initial stages of interventions, and (2) persuasion regarding a policy, with an emphasis on transformational changes.
According to critics, nudges, on one hand, do not utilize the rational and conscious abilities of people and, on the contrary, weaken them, and by relying on 1 behavioral public policy 2 libertarian paternalism 3 OECD 4 Behavioral Insights network 5 Australian Productivity 6 Ruggeri biases1 and cognitive inefficiencies and, more precisely, by relying on irrational2 processes or through processes outside the sphere of rationality3 (such as emotions), lead to the overlooking of rationality and steer individuals toward specific goals (Schmidt and Engelen, 2020:5).
Mechanisms of changing the behavior of the masses (Chit Sazian and Norouzi, 1401: 400) Insightful Inclination-based Action-based Social Environmental Structural Logical persuasion Feasibility management Elite-making and making tangible Tools of authority Emotions doing Reference groups Facilitation and strengthening Implementation Creating habit Social norms Symbolization Rule-making Rationality Incentives Education and awareness Modeling Changing position Partially Peer effect Obstacle removal Social slogans Collective action Implications of Shahid Motahhari's thought for the field of behavioral policy First Implication: Analysis of human action In the behavioral view, human behavior is analyzed based on the criterion of "depth and level of mental processing.
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