چکیده:
One of the most ambiguous historical periods in Iran is Median Era so that the Median architecture has a lot of unknown aspects. Noshijan Hill in Malayer City is one of the foremost historical zones of Media where its main settlement includes a time period ranged from 750 to 650 BC. This zone has been explored by a British team headed by Dr. David Stronach; as a result، some of valuable constructions in this region were discovered so that to contribute extremely to identify Median Architecture. The discovery of buildings is greatly important because of their special sustainability and other unique characteristics. One of the architectural specifications of this region is its novel arch- construction that has not been already identified in any other area. The mentioned archs had been constructed by application of sequenced rows of arch or mud waffle slabs. Each of these archs comprises of two semi- arches so their lower ends are placed on a support in longitudinal walls while their upper ends will place on the head of this arch. These waffle slabs were made from a fine mud and often reinforced by reed. After Median period and during Achaemenid and Arsacides Empires، this technique of arch- construction was also continued and followed by several methods up to later periods in Iranian traditionsal architecture.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In Nushijan, this type of covering was used at least for spiral staircases, the central temple’s vestibule, some spaces of the old western building, warehouses, and southern arched spaces.
The method of executing Toizeh-ahang arches The method of working in this type of arched coverings is that during the construction of the room walls, supports or horizontal edges with a depth of about 15-10 centimeters were created on the surface of the longitudinal walls at a suitable height (Image 2), and then brick toizehs that had been pre-molded and prepared were placed on these edges according to the presented design (Image 5).
1) Central Temple The Central Temple is the most important structure in the Nushijan site (Image 1) which, at the end of its life, was carefully filled with pieces of rubble stone to a height of 6 meters, then with alternating layers of clay and stone, and finally with layers of brick and clay, and buried among a tower-shaped covering of brick and clay.
(Refer to the image on the page) Image 12: Perspective section B-B of the antechamber and staircase of the central temple (Mohammadian Mansour) (Refer to the image on the page) 2) Old Western Building The Old Western Building (Image 1) does not have suitable durability compared to the Central Temple, however, two relatively intact vaulted coverings remain here, one of which belongs to a room formed at the entrance and the other to the recessed part of the main building space (Image 16).
The method of execution of this vault was similar to other types, and about 9 to 10 complete brick arches or voussoirs were used to cover this small space.
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