چکیده:
Researchers who have examined military iqtāʿ in the Seljuk era and evaluated the efforts of the vizier Nizam al-Mulk Tusi in establishing it and his role in its structural transformation in comparison to the preceding Buyid era, hold various and different theories. This difference stems from the perspective these researchers take towards the discussions in Nizam al-Mulk's 'Siyasatnama' (Book of Governance) on this subject. Among these researchers, only a small group has attempted to examine and study Nizam al-Mulk's discussions in the Siyasatnama historically and deeply, based on the political, intellectual, economic, and military developments of the Seljuk era. The author of this article seeks to examine the historical evolution of the concept of iqtāʿ in the era of the Great Seljuk kings (Tughrul Beg, Alp Arslan, Malikshah) and to investigate the efforts of the vizier Nizam al-Mulk Tusi and his role in the emergence of military iqtāʿ in light of other historical sources. This discussion and investigation considers the relationship between the Turkish heritage and the iqtāʿ practices of the Buyid era and the actions and efforts of Nizam al-Mulk. Also, in this article, historical references to the subject of military iqtāʿ in primary sources are evaluated, and alongside them, the discussions related to this type of iqtāʿ in the Siyasatnama, which Nizam al-Mulk compiled at the end of his life, are carefully examined.
خلاصه ماشینی:
38-37), and Nizam al-Mulk is considered the best Iranian administrative model among them, and he was largely successful in gaining the trust of the Seljuk kings, as his long ministry and the vast financial resources at his disposal helped him in this matter, because one-tenth of the income of the central reserve account of the government was allocated to him in his capacity as minister (Lambton 1953, p.
He believes that Nizam al-Mulk’s role in improving the military iqta’ is reflected in comparison to the Buyid era, and he considers Nizam al-Mulk’s achievements in allocating iqta’s to small scholars in order to satisfy them, deepening the idea of loyalty to the central government to prevent their rebellion, stopping the destructive actions of the Turkmen tribes, and forcing them to abandon tribal thinking and accept individual rule (king) as limited (Cahen, 1969, vol.
Due to the vastness of the government, the warlike behavior of the Turkmen tribes, and their lack of constant loyalty, from the time of Malikshah and with the suggestion of Nizam al-Mulk, a necessity arose to employ slaves for military affairs, and new groups of Khwarazmians, Daylamites, Iranians, Kurds, Karaj, Kharluji Turks, and Shabankara joined the Seljuk army alongside the Ghuzz Turks (Ibn al-Adim, 1954 AD, vol.
The beginning of its implementation in the Seljuk era dates back to the early reign of Malikshah, and perhaps Nizam al-Mulk – according to the quotations of historical sources – was the first person to be given the title of Atabak, and the king delegated his administrative and political powers to him and appointed him as his direct assistant in 465 AH/1072 AD and gave him the title “Amir Father” (Ibn Athir, undated, vol.
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