چکیده:
The input - output framework is applied in this study to analyse the change، in the use of labor input. On the basis of input-output tables sectors of the economy are specified according to the degree of their interdependences. Backward and forward employment linkages can he calculated. The sectors then are classified according to their total (direct and indirect) employment linkages. Through application of the input-output model to the Iranian economy، it was found that the food industry had the largest indirect employment linkages in the years 1365 and 1370. In the study of the relationship between final demand components and the sectoral and occputionallabor requirement s، it was found that government consumer spending had the largest impact on total employment، as well as on the higher educated lahor. One billion rials worth of expenditures on the government consumption generated 1000 and 427 jobs in 1365 and 1370، respectively which is more than the impact of an equal increases on either the private household comsumption، the private fixed capital formation or export . The employment of higher educated people was more dependent on government consumption tha on any other components. In comparison the، domestic absorbtion had a larger impact on employment in Iranian economy than the export
خلاصه ماشینی:
Table (4) - Total Employment Effects of Final Demand Components in the Years Under Review (Refer to the page image) (Numbers in persons) The next important point resulting from the above calculations is that in 1365, the power and intensity of employment creation of domestic absorption (the sum of household consumption, government consumption, and investment) were greater than that of exports, such that for every one billion Rials increase in domestic absorption, 670 job opportunities are created in the entire economy directly and indirectly, while for the same amount of exports, we will only witness the creation of 258 job opportunities in the economy.
Table (6) - Distribution of Jobs Created by an Increase of One Billion Rials in Final Demand Components in 1365 (Refer to the page image) In 1370, the greatest impact of private consumption on employment was in the sectors of agriculture, animal husbandry and hunting (35 percent), commercial services (13 percent), textiles, clothing and leather industries (9 percent) and transportation (8 percent).
Table (8) - Share of employment in production (agriculture and industry) and service sectors of total employment created by changes in final demand components in the years under review (Refer to the page image) The trend of the impact of private consumption on production jobs has been decreasing, falling from 67 percent in 1365 to 59 percent in 1370, while the impact of exports (both with and without oil) has been increasing.
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