چکیده:
Abstract The manufacture of glassware was one of the historical knowledge and technics of pre-Islamic era of Iran, that was continued during Islamic periods. This research is about the glassware found in Hegmataneh and Bu-Ali museum during Islamic period. The glassware collection has been excavated illegally and until now no survey has been done on them. The method of research is done descriptively, historically and analytically. And that according to survey in museums, studies are done from libraries for comparison and history. Studies and comparisons on these wares show that they have been produced during three historical periods. The first group is related in the first and second lunar century. The second group is related to third till fifth lunar century. The third group is related to sixth and seventh lunar century. In regard to application, three groups of special glassware were in use for cosmetics and medicine. Glassware for Hejamat and for pitchers were classified. The production of technical glassware is also made by blowing freely and blowing in the mould. The decoration of this glassware is like carving, moulding and wavy lines have been done on them. The main question that arises on this subject is that is this glassware comparable and history marking with other discovered glassware, are they scientifically surveyed. All the glassware’s capable for study, compared to other glassware, domestic collections and foreign that was related to Islamic period and that are obtained scientifically, they are chronologized and compared.
خلاصه ماشینی:
All the studied vessels are comparable with other glass vessels of collections inside and outside the country related to the Islamic period and obtained from scientific excavations, chronologically and comparatively.
Considering the issues raised, it is assumed that the technology of these objects was in the form of blowing in molds and free blowing, and the use of these vessels was mainly for storing medicinal, cosmetic, and medical materials, and they are comparable with glass vessels from other museums that were found in scientific archaeological excavations.
Islamic period glass vessels in the Hegmataneh and Avicenna Mausoleum Museums were first identified, measured, photographed, and designed, and then dated, compared, and analyzed through library studies.
Glassmaking in the Timurid period, from the late 8th to the early 10th century AH - Samarkand, the capital of Amir Timur - became a gathering place for artists, so that this king brought most of the artists from Iraq, Iran, and Syria to this city to create artistic works in Samarkand; glassmakers were also among them, and Samarkand became the center of Syrian-style glass art with Iranian characteristics (Shishegar, 1996).
These vessels were dated by comparing and studying similar artifacts found in scientific investigations and excavations, which are likely to belong to the 1st to 7th centuries AH.
Although this technique is also seen in Syrian glasses, the studied containers are comparable to the containers of the third to fifth centuries AH obtained from Nishapur, Rayy, and Gorgan as a result of scientific archaeological excavations and research.
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