چکیده:
Since the end of World War II, we have witnessed an increase in the influence of the army in civilian affairs, the use of force as a tool of domination and political power, the importance of military values, the growth of the role of military organizations in national and international affairs, and an increase in related paramilitary entities in some countries in the Middle East. The 1999 coup in Pakistan, the excessive growth of Israeli militarism, and the transfer of billions of dollars worth of military equipment to the region, along with the direct presence of foreign forces in Afghanistan and Iraq, showed that the era of military political intervention in the Middle East has not ended. In fact, inappropriate and direct military intervention in politics has been the most significant obstacle to the expansion of civil society and human development in the Middle East. The first part of the research is devoted to examining the evolution of important theories of army intervention in politics. In the second part of this research, an attempt is made to identify the important factors that have led to the growth of militarism (i.e., the inappropriate influence of military forces in politics) in the countries of the Middle East, especially in more militaristic societies such as Israel, Turkey, and Egypt; the factors determining the level of military participation in politics, and the nature of the relationship between the military and political leaders in the Middle East are examined; and the future outlook of the political role of Middle Eastern armies is drawn.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Military Intervention in Middle Eastern Politics Saeideh Lotfian* Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran (Date Received: 2009/05/28 - Date Approved: 2009/07/15) Abstract: Since the end of World War II, we have witnessed an increase in the influence of the army in civilian affairs, the use of force as a tool for domination and political power, the importance of military values, the growth of the role of military organizations in national and international affairs, and an increase in related paramilitary institutions in some countries in the Middle East.
The 1999 coup in Pakistan, the excessive growth of Israeli militarism, and the transfer of billions of dollars worth of military equipment to the region, along with the direct presence of foreign forces in Afghanistan and Iraq, showed that the era of military intervention in Middle Eastern politics has not ended.
Three factors can be mentioned in establishing the relationship between political leaders and the Saudi military: 1- The highest levels of command are within the authority of members of the ruling family; 2- Responsibility for maintaining internal security lies with the National Guard, composed of individuals from tribes loyal to the king, and independent of other armed forces; 3- Guidance from foreign military advisors has prevented coups against the Al Saud family; however, these rulers are still afraid of the military coming to power.
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