چکیده:
Transnational organized crime is considered one of the most important challenges facing the international community in the 21st century. The international community, and especially the United Nations, took action in the late 20th century to create a convention entitled "United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime" along with two protocols to establish alliance, cooperation and coordination in combating these types of acts. This convention was opened for signature by governments in Palermo, Italy in December 2000 and was named the Palermo Convention. Its first protocol is titled "Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children", and its second protocol is known as "Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Air and Sea". This article attempts to examine the aspects of illegal immigration by sea, which occurs for various reasons, and ways to reduce this problem in the light of international cooperation.
خلاصه ماشینی:
1. Criminalization The second optional protocol to the Palermo Convention on illegal migration obliges the contracting states to adopt the rules of the protocol and other necessary laws for the criminalization of migrant smuggling (Article 6).
Article 15 of the Protocol on Illegal Migration annexed to the Palermo Convention, paragraph 2, addresses the cooperation of governments to inform potential migrants and expresses that all are obliged to help the countries of origin to educate potential migrants; so that they do not fall into the trap of smugglers.
1. Exchange of Information The intention is the exchange of information between the contracting states; especially the countries of origin and destination that are somehow involved in illegal migration (Second Optional Protocol to the Palermo Convention, paragraph 1, Article 10).
3. Repatriation of Smuggled Migrants to Their Homeland The Second Protocol to Palermo considers the right of individuals to return to their homeland and reside there permanently, and has requested states to facilitate their repatriation and issue the necessary permits for their return to their country (paragraph 1 of Article 18 of the Second Optional Protocol to the Palermo Convention).
, and if evidence is found that the ship is smuggling migrants, it must, with respect for the ship, persons and its cargo, take the necessary measures within the limits of the permission of the flag state (paragraph 1 of Article 8 of the Second Optional Protocol to the Palermo Convention).
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