Human Voluntary Actions مقاله

خلاصه ماشینی:

But a free action is an action that is not determined and even if all the necessary conditions for its creation exist, it depends on the power of the will itself to be willed – that is, ultimately it is based on voluntary choice. Furthermore, we believe that the will itself is also free: because although the determination of the will directed towards a partial thing is rooted in a free decision, we are aware that the act of will and the optionality that results from it are not imposed on us by an external cause or necessitated by any internal law in our existence, but rather both its existence and its survival depend on the will itself, and the result is that freedom is not merely apparent but real; This conclusion can be argued as follows: The specific formal object of the will, whose existence moves it towards choice or necessitates it, is the general good or perfect happiness. Therefore, it is necessary to state that all free wills are based on spontaneous inclination and the necessary power of this faculty directed towards the general good; this unspecified object of the ultimate end yields a collection of partial ends, and thus explains how the possibility of free choice of means is possible.