چکیده:
Today, climate change is considered one of the important issues and concerns of the international community. The United Nations has recognized this issue since 1979 and has gradually developed policies, strategies, and legal measures to confront the aforementioned changes by holding dozens of international and regional conferences and adopting two binding international documents. Stabilizing and reducing greenhouse gases and adapting to climate change are the three strategies of the United Nations in this regard. The Framework Convention on Stabilization and Adaptation and the Kyoto Protocol for reducing greenhouse gases provide evolving legal measures. The adoption of these documents has eliminated a significant portion of the normative gap in confronting the problem of climate change and has created significant solidarity in confronting the issue of climate change. Nevertheless, the concern arising from the issue of implementing norms still remains.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The present article seeks to answer these questions and, for this purpose, will first examine the preliminary concept and effects of climate change to understand the policies and strategies of the international community, and then, through two independent chapters, analyze the Framework Convention of 2991 and the Kyoto Protocol of 7991.
In other words, the approach of the strategy contained in the Framework Convention not only does not impose an obligation to stabilize greenhouse gas emissions on developing countries, but also grants permission to issue controlled amounts of these gases to the aforementioned governments to achieve sustainable development (paragraph three of the preamble).
3. The Principle of Caution The Framework Convention obliges Member States to take precautionary measures to anticipate, prevent, or minimize the factors causing climate change and to mitigate its adverse effects (paragraph 3 of Article 3).
According to statistics extracted from national reports of developed countries members of Annex I of the Convention submitted to the Convention Secretariat, these countries have achieved a good record in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon dioxide, during the 10-year period referred to in sub-paragraph (a) of paragraph 2 of the Convention.
In fact, member states of Annex I of the Convention, by adhering to the quotas predicted in Annex B of the Protocol, are committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 5% from the 1990 emission level over a 5-year period between 2002 and 2012 (Paragraph 1 of Article 3 of the Kyoto Protocol).
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