چکیده:
Experience of double revolutionary upheavals in Russia during the 20th century which produced a new socio-economic regularity on one hand and changed the political system from monarchial to democratic republic and then soviet state and finally presidential republic at the end of 20th century on the other hand are treated as democratic movements. In this regard، crumbling of ex-soviet regime and blooming of new order has been behaved as mutation toward democracy. Hence، despite of various attempts on crossing toward democracy during the last century، Russia is oscillating between democracy and authoritarianism. The main question of this paper is that why the democratization process were ill-fated in Russia? The main hypothesis of this research emphasizes on polarity between elites and masses over the concept of democracy، political culture of Russia، security background of political elites، putinism and economic structure of the state.
خلاصه ماشینی:
213-230 Stability or Instability of Russia’s Transition to Democracy * Ali Akbar Jafari Assistant Professor of International Relations, Department of Political Science, Mazandaran University Vahid Zolfaghari PhD Student of Comparative Politics and Lecturer - Munich, Germany (Received: 2015/11/25 - Approved: 2016/02/18) Abstract The experience of two revolutionary upheavals in Russia in the twentieth century, which on the one hand created a new economic and social order, and on the other hand, prepared the grounds for the transformation of the political system from monarchy to a people's republic and then the Soviet government and finally a republic based on the presidency in the last decade of the twentieth century, is known as pro-democracy movements.
The main hypothesis of the article is based on the conflict between the perceptions of elites and the masses of the concept of democracy, Russia's political culture, the weakness of civil society, the state-owned political economy, the security background of political elites, and Putin's policies.
The main hypothesis of the article is based on the conflict between the perceptions of elites and the masses of the concept of democracy, Russia's political culture, the weakness of civil society, the state-owned political economy, the security background of political elites, and Putin's policies.
According to this writing, variables such as the different understanding of the concept of democracy by the Russian masses and elites, the weakness of civil society, the state-owned political economy, Putin's policies, and the political culture of Russia are considered the main reasons for the failure.
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