A critique of the correction of the book Ferdows al-Hikma: The oldest medical textbook معرفی و نقد

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A Critique of the Edition of the Book *Fardaws al-Hikmah*: The Oldest Medical Textbook Sayyid Hussein Rezvi Barghaei 1 Introduction *Fardaws al-Hikmah*, authored by Ali ibn Rabban al-Tabari (compiled in the third decade of the third century AH), can perhaps be considered the oldest medical text written in Arabic within the Islamic civilization. The name of Ali ibn Rabban al-Tabari and his masterpiece, *Fardaws al-Hikmah*, have consistently appeared in reliable historical and scientific sources and texts from his time to the present day, including: *al-Hawi fi al-Tibb* and *al-Kunnash al-Fakhir* by Muhammad Zakariya al-Razi, *al-Abniyah ‘an Haqa’iq al-Adwiyah* by Muwaffaq al-Din al-Harawi, *al-Fihrist* by Ibn Nadim, *al-Saydanah fi al-Tibb* by Abu Rayhan al-Biruni, *al-Wasila ila al-Habib fi al-Tayyibat wa al-Tayyib* by Ibn ‘Adim, *Bustan al-Atibba’ wa Rawdat al-Albba’* by Ibn Matran, *Jayb al-‘Arus* by Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Sa’id al-Tamimi, *Muruj al-Dhahab* by al-Mas’udi, *al-Jami’ li-Mufradat al-Aghdhiyah wa al-Adwiyah* by Ibn al-Baytar, *‘Uyun al-Anba’ fi Tabaqat al-Atibba’* by Ibn Abi Usaybi’ah, *Tarikh al-Hukama’* by al-Qifti, *Taqwim al-Sihhah* by Ibn Butlan, *Mu’jam al-Adaba’* by Yaqut al-Hamawi, and *Nuzhat al-Arwah wa Rawdat al-Afrah* by Shahrazuri. The presence of phrases such as “Insha’Allah” and “Bi’idhn Allah,” which appear more than a hundred times in the text, especially after prescribing medicines, may indicate Tabari’s conversion to Islam; moreover, he He mentions in one place his own prayers and those of his father (Tabari, p. 1) – Tabari refers to the sources of his compilation and mentions the works of Hippocrates, Galen, and contemporary physicians such as Yuhanna ibn Masawayh and Hunayn ibn Ishaq, as well as Indian physicians (ibid.