چکیده:
Islam and Iman are two Quranic concepts about which various perspectives have been presented. From the perspective of Fakhr Razi, Iman means heart-felt affirmation and a firm belief based on reason, the affirmation of the Prophet with everything he brought, and verbal acknowledgment. From the perspective of Allameh Tabataba'i, it has various definitions, some of which concern the constituents of Iman and others refer to the objects of Iman, meaning the affirmation of the oneness of God and belief in divine signs, angels, prophets, their successors, the Day of Judgment, and every ruling brought by the divine messengers. In addition to internal belief, Allameh Tabataba'i considers commitment to the practical effects of Iman as signs of Iman, unlike Fakhr Razi, who considers mere heart-felt affirmation sufficient for a person to be a believer. In explaining his view regarding the meaning of Islam and Iman and the connection between them, Fakhr Razi has encountered inconsistencies, based on which he sometimes considers the relationship between Islam and Iman to be equality and sometimes distinction. He also, from one perspective, considers the relationship between a Muslim and a Mu'min to be absolute genus and species, and from another perspective, considers them equal.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Allameh Tabataba'i, in addition to internal belief, considers commitment to the practical effects of Iman as one of the signs of Iman, unlike Fakhr Razi, who considers mere heart-felt affirmation sufficient for a person to be a believer.
(Raghib al-Isfahani, 1412: 423; Turayhi, 1375: 6 / 8) Also, Islam in technical terms means verbal confession by saying the two testimonies (Shahadatayn), which results in the speaker becoming a Muslim, (Khwaja Nasir, 1408: 427 - 426); therefore, based on the verse "قَالَتِ الأَعْرَابُ آمَنَّا قُلْ لَمْ تُؤْمِنُوا وَ لَٰکِنْ قُولُوا أَسْلَمْنَا وَ لَمَّا یَدْخُلِ الإِیمَانُ فِی قُلُوبکُمْ وَ إِنْ تُطِیعُوا اللَّهَ وَ رَسُولَهُ لا یَلِتْکُمْ مِنْ أَعْمَالِکُمْ شَیْئاً إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِیمٌ؛ (Hujurat / 14), verbal profession is sufficient for being a Muslim.
In each of the three aforementioned definitions, Fakhr Razi has not counted action as one of the conceptual constituents of Iman; however, he has included other pillars of Iman, such as affirmation and heart-felt knowledge, along with belief and verbal profession in the definition of Iman; for this belief, in the interpretation of verse 3 of Surah Al-Baqarah, he proves with two reasons that Iman is not merely verbal affirmation or absolute affirmation; because God Almighty says in the verse «وَ مِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ یَقُولُ آمَنَّا باللَّهِ وَ بالْیَوْمِ الآخِرِ وَ مَا هُمْ بمُؤْمِنِینَ» (Baqarah / 8): Some people say that they have believed in Allah and the Last Day, while they are not believers.
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