چکیده:
by studying the works and thoughts of shiite scholars throughout history, we can see that the category of reason and ignorance has been explained and interpreted significantly from an epistemological perspective. the meaning of the epistemological explanation of reason and ignorance in the historical course of shiite scholars is that based on the hadith of reason and ignorance from imam sadiq (as) which is mentioned in shiite hadith collections, in which the knowledge of reason and ignorance is introduced as a tool for guiding humans, and this meaning cannot be realized except through the cognitive path. shiite scholars have explained and enlightened this category with mystical and ethical approaches. of course, the concept of reason and ignorance and numerous examples of it are also seen in the verses of the holy qur’an for the purpose of understanding and guiding humans, and this issue has been the focus and emphasis of shiite scholars throughout time until the contemporary century. in this research, which has been written with an analytical, descriptive and critical method, some criticism and objections are also made to these ideas, especially in the quality of the creation of reason and ignorance. however, considering the course of thought of shiite scholars throughout history, from the kulayni to the majlisi era and until the time of imam khomeini, it is possible to reach a set of epistemological and ethical ideas that reveal the intellectual path of the ahl al-bayt (as) by explaining and interpreting the hadiths in the explanations of the shiite hadith scholars. this path can play a desirable guiding role in epistemological issues, especially reason and ignorance. that is why this issue has given a new originality to the present research, with an analytical and critical method.
خلاصه ماشینی:
(Kulayni, 1390sh, 24/1) Thus, the intellect intended by Imam Sadiq (as) is that universal intellect which is considered the essence of all intellects, because it is from the realm of abstract souls and is a luminous substance issued from the Throne of God. Similarly, ignorance, according to the words of the Imam (as), is from a dark sea that refers to >15< Historical Approaches to Quran and Hadith Studies, No. 80, Year 30, Autumn 2024 Historical Approaches to Quran and Hadith Studies, Vol. 80, Year 30, Autumn 2024 darkness and lack of light, and this darkness originates from deficiency and non-existence, which is in opposition to the light of perfection and existence.
Scholars such as Mulla Muhammad Salih Mazandarani, who was a student of Majlisi the Elder and also his son-in-law, mastered the rational and traditional sciences by championing intellect and ijtihad during the Akhbari era, reached a high rank in science and jurisprudence, and was able to explain the hadith >17< Historical Approaches to Quran and Hadith Studies, No. 80, Year 30, Autumn 2024 Historical Approaches to Quran and Hadith Studies, Vol. 80, Year 30, Autumn 2024 the hadith of the Soldiers of Intellect and Ignorance of Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) and the theological and rational discussions regarding monotheism, proof, faith, and disbelief that are found in the principles of Al-Kafi by Kulayni, explain.
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