چکیده:
From the perspective of Fakhr al-Razi, Satan, through the general method of temptation—via ways such as beautification, false promises, instilling desires, magic, etc.—causes the orientation of human will toward committing moral evils. In his view, Satan sometimes manifests in human form and sometimes directly relates to internal powers, especially the powers of illusion and imagination, and through temptation, imposes satanic thoughts upon humans. Satanic thoughts cause human negligence and, by creating cognitive inversion, divert the will from the right path. He believes that factors such as the departure of the temperament of intellect from moderation, weakness of memory, and seeking help from the powers of lust and anger... are among the influential factors in accepting satanic thoughts, while factors such as seeking refuge (in God), wisdom, servitude, angelic assistance, etc., are among the obstacles to accepting such thoughts. The goal of this article is to find an answer to the problem of evil as a new issue in the contemporary era through the perspective of Fakhr al-Razi. To extract Fakhr al-Razi's viewpoint, the method of textual interpretation was used, and to reconstruct his view in facing the problem of evil, the analytical method was employed.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Therefore, it seems that there is a void in the country's research landscape for this important discussion, and the present article, with reference to the works of Fakhr al-Razi, attempts to pay attention to this important issue in a more detailed manner, emphasizing Satan's role in the realization of moral evils.
1. Ways and methods of Satan's influence in the realization of moral evils Considering numerous Quranic verses, Fakhr al-Razi refers to the general concept of temptation as the overall method of Satan's influence in the realization of moral evils.
Fakhr al-Razi refers to the cases mentioned in verses 118 to 120 of Surah An-Nisa A second opinion is also presented, stating that Satan caused that young man to forget so that he could not remember Joseph before the king.
186); these are various titles and instances of the method of temptation that Satan employs for misguidance and the realization of moral evils, to which Fakhr Razi has paid attention.
Under verse 115 of Surah Taha, Fakhr Razi considers the forgetting of the Divine covenant in remembering the enmity of Satan as an indication of the weakness of the human memory faculty, and to resolve this problem, he suggests seeking assistance and success from God in the acquisition of knowledge.
Seeking refuge (Istia'dhah) Fakhr Razi, relying on verse 201 of Surah Al-A'raf, emphasizes that seeking refuge in God causes Satan to fear and prevents the injection of temptation and the realization of moral evils.
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