چکیده:
This article examines the transformations of revolutionary movements as claimants to modern orders that have been counterparts to nation-states. In fact, it investigates the sources of inspiration, policies, and tools of nationalist and Marxist movements, as well as Christian and Islamic religious movements. Given the West's efforts to delegitimize Islamic movements, this article seeks to challenge this claim and demonstrate that revolutionary movements have always reacted against imperialist policies and have emerged as important actors in international relations. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to search for and examine a type of uniform behavior among all modern movements by investigating their sources of inspiration, policies, and tools.
خلاصه ماشینی:
To do this, the important assumption is that these movements, motivated by a combination of both internal and external factors, have identified themselves and considered a specific and independent organization for themselves, which in different places, depending on the conditions of the struggle, has carried out political and military reactions and bestowed a specific emergence upon these movements.
In this article, a section should have been dedicated to the goals of revolutionary movements, but since the goals of a movement are extracted from the inspirational sources and these two have an almost organic relationship, and in most cases, describing the inspirational sources means presenting the goals, in order to avoid repetition and to make the text more engaging, instead of proposing an independent section called "High-Stakes Goals" secular, on one hand, includes Enlightenment ideas that have been the guide for the action of modern movements in the West, especially nationalist movements, to overthrow old and non-modern orders, and on the other hand, Marxist perspectives, which have been an important source of inspiration for most of these movements.
In general, revolutionary movements, whether national, Marxist Christian, or Islamic, employ a specific policy to achieve their goals.
This dynamism means that Islam is both an important source for mobilization and the ideology of action for these movements, and it possesses a pivotal political and social program for governing society.
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