چکیده:
Khwaja Nasir al-Din al-Tusi is one of the greatest thinkers of the Middle Ages, who held a high position in the fields of science and literature and enjoys global fame. Nasir al-Din al-Tusi did not limit himself to science and thought but was also involved in practical politics. The last two decades of Khwaja's life in the Ilkhanid administration were a period of scientific and practical activity for him, and he played an effective role in controlling Mongol behavior and the cultural revival of Iran. Khwaja's tolerant and religiously moderate personality, which smoothed the way for his activities with thinkers of other ethnicities and nations, also contributed significantly to his success and the elevation of his position. Khwaja Nasir was a polymath and had complete expertise in various fields of knowledge, including theoretical and practical wisdom. In practical wisdom, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi examined various aspects of the structure of social life and, under civil wisdom, addressed social classes and their position in society. Among the Muslim philosophers and thinkers of the Middle Ages, Khwaja Nasir al-Din al-Tusi possessed the most complete view regarding the category of justice, and by considering the theoretical and practical aspects of the concept of justice, he addressed social classes and their position during the Middle Ages. In the author's opinion, the position of justice in the thoughts of urbanized Iran and, more importantly, the emphasis of Islamic foundations, especially Shiism, on this category, led to Khwaja Nasir's special view of social classes and their position in society (from the perspective of practical wisdom). This article, after a brief look at society and government in the era of Khwaja Nasir, addresses his cultural position and function and then examines the class structure in his perspective.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Among the Muslim philosophers and thinkers of the Middle Ages, Khwaja Nasir al-Din al-Tusi possessed the most complete perspective regarding the category of justice, and by considering the theoretical and practical aspects of the concept of justice, he addressed social classes and their position during the Middle Ages.
In the author's opinion, the status of justice in the thoughts of urban Iran and, more importantly, the emphasis of Islamic foundations, especially Shiism, on this category, led to Khwaja Nasir's special view of social classes and their position in society (from the perspective of practical wisdom).
Khwaja Nasir al-Din al-Tusi is a great thinker who, due to being Iranian, Muslim, and Shiite, possessing tolerance, comprehensive insight, broad intellectual horizons, world-view, and realism, has had a different perspective regarding society, government, and economy.
The conquest of Alamut by the Mongols and Khwaja's joining the administration of Hulagu created a new period in the life of Khwaja Nasir, which provided the ground for the realization of his various abilities, and through his scientific status and the prominent position he attained in the presence of the Mongol Khan, he devoted himself to the revival of Islamic culture and civilization and the support of science and scholars (Ne'meh: 286-290).
Although the author of the Tarikh-i Shahi also invites kings to observe justice and fairness, and in this way, draws upon verses, hadiths, and the conduct of the greats; however, he holds the status of the elite in high regard and considers the position of the people of the pen, especially ministers and scholars, to be important in the political and social structure (Tarikh-i Shahi: 11-26, 36, 37, 66, 67).
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