Anselm's Proofs in Modern Western Philosophy مقاله

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: "An Investigation of Anselm's Ontological Argument", Hawza and University Quarterly, No. 32), but if his argument is organized in the way understood from the first part of his phrases, meaning that the concept of existence in the text is placed in a conceptual framework that narrates the Necessary Being, it finds similarity with arguments mentioned by the gnostics (Ahl al-Ma'rifah). Critique of the Second Formulation of Spinoza's Argument Attributing the non-existence of absolute existence to its very nature only leads to a contradiction if absolute and perfect existence is realized externally; that is, if its instance exists. Hume's objection to the formulation that Leibniz has of the argument of the possibility of existence (Argument of Possibility and Necessity and the Critiques of Kant and Hume, Two Scientific-Specialized Quarterly of Contemporary Wisdom, 9831, p. Existence is only negatable from a subject that contains its meaning if a distinction is made between the two types of predication, primordial and common; but Kant considers existence to be merely a mental concept and does not consider external reality to be the instantiation or criterion of this concept, and for this reason, he cannot object to Anselm's argument from this position. If this objection is valid, it is not merely directed at Anselm's argument, but at all arguments that attempt to prove the existence of God Almighty, and for this reason, Kant also considers it applicable to the argument from possibility and necessity.