چکیده:
A knower’s intuitive knowledge (whether the exalted necessary being, or sublime abstract beings, or human beings) of the material thing is among the difficult issues in philosophy, about which thinkers disagree and some believe that knowledge does not belong to material things and some believe contrary to that. Various reasons have been stated for non-intuition, some of which return to the material thing itself, some others return to the features of knowledge, and still some others return to the knower’s characteristics. In this article, we seek to deal with this issue from three angles using the method of explanation and description to investigate how each of them is an obstacle. The result of the study is that the feature of extension and dispersal of material things as well as the feature of abstraction of knowledge and existential relation between the knower and the known does not hinder the attribution of knowledge to material things. This is because, firstly, if material things are extended from one aspect, they are non-extended from another aspect. Secondly, abstraction is not the condition for being known. Thirdly, another type of relationship, such as status, can cause intuition.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The result of the research is that the characteristics of extension and dispersion of material objects, as well as the characteristic of the abstraction of knowledge and the existential connection between the knower and the known, do not prevent the attachment of knowledge to material objects; because, firstly, if material objects are extended in one respect, they are non-extended in another; secondly, abstraction is not a condition for being known; thirdly, another type of connection, such as 'shaan' (status/relation), can cause presence.
As a result, presence is also realized, and psychological attributes are present and observed by the soul; however, such a relationship does not exist between the knower and external things.
Investigation The problem that seems to arise is that if the compositional and causal connection causes presence—in other words, if the condition for the realization of presence and the observation of the known by the knower is nothing other than a compositional or causal relationship between the knower and the known—then it should also be true of the soul and its faculties; whereas philosophers only attribute present knowledge to abstract faculties, and regarding material faculties, even though they are effects of the knower, they do not believe in presence (ibid, p.
Therefore, in the view of Shaykh al-Ishraq, although the quality of encompassment in non-dominating Ishraqi relational knowledge is unknown based on his principle (the primacy of essence), by appending the rule "النفس في وحدتها کل القوي " based on the primacy of existence, one can explain immediate knowledge of material beings through the existential connection between them and consider the things themselves as the immediate known of the soul; just as the faculties and the body are manifest to the soul through immediate knowledge.
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