چکیده:
'Political utilitarianism' has been identified as one of the key tendencies in the approach to democracy. In a sense, this principle has played a pivotal and historical role in shaping new democratic theories. Religious democracy is considered a democratic theory; however, despite the importance and role of utilitarianism in democratic thought, it seems that no substantial and effective discussion has been presented regarding the relationship between utilitarianism and religious democracy. In view of this issue, this writing examines the possibility of applying political utilitarianism to religious democracy. According to the claim of this writing, political utilitarianism—especially as explained in its most well-known reports by John Stuart Mill—is based on moral systems; systems which, among others, can be religious. This view stands in contrast to a well-known but less researched approach in our scientific community, which introduces utilitarianism as being in conflict with religion and the moral system arising from it. It is necessary to note that this writing seeks to explain the epistemological relationship between Mill's political utilitarianism and religious democracy. Of course, to prove the compatibility or agreement of a specific system of religious ethics with utilitarianism, depending on the subject, new efforts and investigations must be made, and among them, the implications of religious democracy should be considered and investigated in comparison with the implications of utilitarianism.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Under the influence of such a tendency, the most significant weaknesses in understanding the thought of political utilitarianism have occurred in critical areas such as explaining the connection of this principle with the theory of liberal democracy, its relationship with virtue2, and subsequently, the function of this principle in political ethics.
Such a simple understanding of political utilitarianism has neither led to the recognition of the theoretical subtleties and conceptual nuances of this popular idea in the contemporary world, nor has it been able to explain the dimension of this important and central principle for a significant group of the most important current and prevailing thoughts in the contemporary world, especially in the highly debated field of "democracy studies4"; but perhaps most damaging of all is that such an understanding has blocked the way to utilizing theoretical possibilities that would most likely follow scholarly and detailed attention to several and 1.
If the spirit of early utilitarianism in Bentham's thought was that social and political institutions should be designed in such a way as to provide the greatest possible benefit or welfare in a society (Jacob, 2007: 91), in subsequent considerations, serious attention was also paid to the important point that the function of such an approach, in regard to human benefit, must be the expansion of collective benefit in the public sphere and, subsequently, the expansion of attention to the category of humanism in philosophy and the authenticity of the individual in the social sciences (Bakhshayeshi Ardestani, 2007: 157-175).
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