چکیده:
Mu'tazila is one of the most important theological movements which began to develop in Basra in the early second century of Hegira; and under the support of the Abbasid caliphs like Ma'mun, Mu'tasam, and Vatheq, it developed so quickly that a large number of Iraqi people, especially the residents of Baghdad joined this school. With the establishment of Baghdad and the presence of Abbasids in this city, the Mu'tazilites also travelled to Baghdad. Later, conflicts happened between the Mu'tazilites of Baghdad and those of Basra, causing Mu'tazila to be divided into two schools of Basra and Baghdad. These two Mu'tazilite schools shared common general principles; but, they differed in their interpretation of these principles. Tendency towards Shiism is the defining characteristic of the Mu'tazila of Baghdad, which distinguished it from the Mu'tazila of Basra. Furthermore, they differed in such issues as the creation of the Quran, necessity of grace, divine power, and necessity of the most suitable, reward and punishment, torture of infants, repentance and divine forgiveness, lifetime, the approaches to divine attributes, naming God, and other aspects. This writing is concerned with an examination of the most important differences between these two schools
خلاصه ماشینی:
In addition, these two schools differ on issues such as the creation of the Quran, the obligation of divine grace (lutf), divine power, the obligation of the best course of action (al-aslah) upon God, reward and punishment, the punishment of children, repentance and divine forgiveness, lifespans (ajal), the method and approach of discussing divine attributes, naming God, and other positions.
Mu'tazila of Basra, Mu'tazila of Baghdad, general principles of Mu'tazila, creation of the Quran, superiority (afdhaliyya), grace (lutf), attributes of God H4 Introduction/H4 Everyone agrees that the Islamic community during the era of the Prophet (PBUH) did not face sectarianism; because the word of the Prophet (PBUH) was considered the decisive factor in all disputes.
The Divinely Ordained Nature of God's Names/H4 The point of contention between the two schools on this subject is the permission required to attribute names to God. The Basrans believe that God can be called by names that have not appeared in the Quran and Hadith, provided that these names are synonymous with the names present in the Quran or that reason rules the permissibility of applying them to God (Qadi Abd al-Jabbar, n.
However, the Baghdadis, especially Bishr ibn al-Mu'tamir, rejected the obligation of Lutf upon God and considered it to be based on generosity and bounty (Qadi Abd al-Jabbar, 1965: 3/514; al-Shahrastani, 1984: 1/65).
(
, 
, 
)
