چکیده:
Muslim physicians exerted great effort in the path of recognizing and treating eye diseases. In the first step, they engaged in studying, examining, and translating ophthalmology books and articles belonging to other civilizations such as Greek, Syriac, Indian, Iranian, etc.; however, their efforts were not limited to studying and translating the discoveries of predecessors such as Galen, Hippocrates, and other physicians of the civilizations of their time. In the next step, by writing numerous articles and books, they provided noteworthy services to the science of ophthalmology. In the first centuries after the emergence of Islam, ophthalmologists of the nascent Islamic civilization—in both theoretical and practical dimensions—brought about transformations that remained at the center of attention for ophthalmologists worldwide for centuries. During this period, theoretically, new theories were expressed regarding the physiology and anatomy of the eye, as well as the correction of vision defects using the science of light physics; in the practical dimension, noteworthy innovations in the field of medicinal treatments and surgical procedures entered the arena of ophthalmology.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Ophthalmology books and articles, ophthalmology transformations, treatment of eye diseases, Muslims, fifth century AH Introduction Before we address the history of ophthalmology as a branch of medical science, it is necessary to make a brief reference to the linguistic and technical meaning of medicine and its position in the classification of sciences.
Ibn al-Nadim has mentioned the sources of medical science that were translated from Greek, Syriac, Indian, and Pahlavi into Arabic and were at the disposal of Muslim physicians (ibid: 511-524).
Ophthalmology in General Medical Books One of the first Muslim physicians whose mention is not found in the history of Islamic medicine is Jabir ibn Hayyan.
/ Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi al-Ahvazi (384 AH), one of the physicians of the era of innovation and the author of the book Kamil al-Sina al-Tibbiyya or Kitab Malaki, has also spoken about the treatment of eye diseases in his work.
A researcher named Pansier, based on the ophthalmological notes of Ali ibn Isa, published a treatise on eye treatment titled 'Matali' fi Bab Du'f al-Ayn' in Paris in 1903, which, among all Arabic treatises in this field, possesses the highest level of perfection possesses.
" Although Razi is recognized as a physician and not a kahhal (ophthalmologist); according to Hirschberg's research, most concepts related to ophthalmology, eye medications, and surgeries that Muslims performed in this field are mentioned in the book Al-Hawi.
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