چکیده:
The 1979 revolution is called Islamic because the main current in its leadership, ideology and organization were religious forces. The purpose of this article is to examine the type of confrontation between the Pahlavi government and this large current present in the revolution. Accordingly, the question we addressed in this article is: What position did the second Pahlavi government take towards the religious opposition in order to ensure its survival? The method of this article is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library. Theoretically, this article uses the three conceptual frameworks (repression, facilitation, and tolerance) that Charles Tilly discusses in From Basij to Revolution. In the research literature of this article, we emphasize that the Charles Tilly trilogy has not been used specifically and focused on the Islamic Revolution, and most of the research has used Tilly's "mobilization of resources" theory "in general" about the Islamic Revolution. The time frame of this research is 40s and 50s. Analysis of numerous historical data shows that in the Pahlavi regime, the scope of "repression" of religious forces was extensive, "tolerance" was low, and "facilitation" was far less. The Pahlavi government made little use of the facilities provided for the moderate opposition. Tilly divides political systems into four categories: oppressive, totalitarian, tolerant, and weak. Based on the available historical evidence from the Pahlavi government's position on religious dissidents, this government should be called a repressive system.
خلاصه ماشینی:
7-25 The Position of the Second Pahlavi Regime Toward the Religious Opposition in a Revolutionary Situation Mohammad Radmard1 Abstract The 1979 Revolution is called Islamic because the majority of the currents present in its leadership, ideology, and organization were formed by religious forces.
From a theoretical perspective, this article utilizes the tripartite conceptual framework (repression, facilitation, and toleration) that Charles Tilly addressed in his book "From Mobilization to Revolution.
Whether the Pahlavi regime adopted a policy of toleration in dealing with revolutionaries or whether the entire government repressive apparatus was employed for confrontation, opposition, and in better terms, the elimination of the government's opponents.
In response to the posed question, we will discuss this hypothesis: "An analysis of multiple historical data shows that in the Pahlavi regime, the scope of 'repression' of the religious opposition was extensive, 'toleration' was minimal, and 'facilitation' was significantly less.
In another article by Shah Ali (2016) titled "Imam Khomeini's (RA) Combat Strategy: Political Mobilization of the People," the author addresses the role of the four factors emphasized by Tilly (ideology, leadership, organization, and the mass of people) in the Islamic Revolution.
" (Tilly, 2009: 160) C) Tolerance: Alongside the two conventional types of government approach to opponents (repression/facilitation), Tilly also mentions a third type, which incidentally—as mentioned—has received less attention in Islamic Revolution research.
We attempted to discuss the actions of the Pahlavi government within the framework of Tilly's three theoretical concepts, namely: repression, tolerance, and facilitation.
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