چکیده:
With the formation of the modern science of psychology and the placement of the concept of insanity within the domain of this field, a new chapter of description, explanation, and introduction of insanity has been formed, creating ambiguities in identifying instances of insanity within the realm of Islamic sciences, particularly in Islamic jurisprudence. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method, seeks to find the technical meaning of insanity in jurisprudence, the meaning of insanity in psychology, and to identify instances of jurisprudential insanity in modern psychology. To explain the technical meaning of insanity, in addition to the books of jurists, a brief review of Islamic traditions has been conducted. Shahid Thani, Fazel Hindi, Fazel Miqdad, Sahib Riyad, Sahib Jawahir, and Qadi Ibn al-Barraj are among the jurists whose opinions have been examined in this regard, and in examining the concept of insanity in psychology, the discussion of insanity throughout history has also been utilized. Ultimately, the researcher has arrived at four general categories of disorders and diseases that can be instances of insanity in jurisprudence. 'Psychosis' is the first instance of jurisprudential insanity in modern psychology. The second instance is 'neurodevelopmental disorder' (including delirium and dementia), the third instance is 'disorder of agitation' (mania), and the fourth instance is 'mental retardation.' Each of the above cases encompasses various branches, all of which cannot be placed under a single jurisprudential title.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Jurisprudential meaning of insanity: Although we do not find a clear and explicit definition of insanity in jurisprudential books, according to some Islamic scholars, insanity is not a title for a specific individual disease, but rather a name that encompasses all brain diseases that cause mental disorder and corruption of the intellect.
In another group of perspectives, the corruption of the intellect does not have objectivity; rather, it is possible that a person has not suffered from mental decline, but merely due to a disease, a fainting spell has occurred, and they have lost the ability to distinguish good from evil in that situation, and consequently, the rulings of insanity are also applied to them.
" Now, by addressing the semiology of each of the aforementioned cases, their connection with the concept of jurisprudential insanity will be examined: Semiology of Disorders Related to the Realm of Jurisprudential Insanity Here, taking into account the terminological definition of insanity in jurisprudence, the customary signs and symptoms of insanity in Islamic narrations, existing works on the history of insanity and its common types in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, and the new classification of mental disorders, a clinical description of four mental disorders is provided that appear to be instances of insanity in Islamic jurisprudence: 1.
(
, 
, 
)
