چکیده:
the concept of technoscience, as one of the central concepts in the philosophy of technology of the 20th century, has received attention once again in the last few decades due to concerns regarding the emergence of artificial intelligence. this article compares the two main views that were raised in this regard in the 20th century. american pragmatist philosopher larry hickman, while accepting the concept of technoscience, introduces thomas kuhn as an opponent of this concept. in this article, kuhn's reasons for opposing the connection between knowledge and technology are examined, and then, using hickman's intellectual foundations, we will criticize thomas kuhn's view and defend this concept. the main argument is that although kuhn's view is presented under the label of history of science, it has an ideological nature and undermines the objective foundations of science. the importance of hickman's view is that relying on dewey's philosophy, he considers technoscience to be teachable and therefore manageable. kuhn is a philosopher of science whose works have been translated and known in persian. hickman is known as an interpreter and revivalist of dewey's philosophy, who has been able to raise dewey's name as a philosopher of technology in the philosophical circles of the united states. his works have not been translated into persian until now, and this article can contribute to the introduction of hickman in iran, while examining the concept of technoscience and its effects in social life.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The Relationship between Science and Technology from the Perspective of Kuhn and Hickman Alireza Mokarianpour 1, Reza Sadeghi 2 Abstract The concept of "technoscience," as one of the central concepts in twentieth-century philosophy of technology, has gained renewed attention in recent decades due to concerns regarding the emergence of artificial intelligence.
Keywords: Philosophy of technology, technoscience, pragmatism, Larry Hickman, John Dewey, Thomas Kuhn.
In the following, considering the perceptions of Larry Hickman 1 and Thomas Kuhn 2 of technoscience, we will attempt to examine these two opposing views based on the assumptions of these philosophers regarding this term.
Based on Hickman's view, which is under the influence of Dewey, cases related to pseudo-scientific fraud are correctable through the application of technoscience.
In the ancient period, Greece grew in science and Rome in technique, and Kuhn's claim is that in the modern era too, these two have been separate from each other; in Britain, where technical inventions existed, scientific growth was simultaneously slow, and France, which was a leader in scientific production, was in second place in terms of technology.
Only in the United States and the Soviet Union, from 1930 onwards, have technology and science merged, which according to Kuhn is a rare event and may result from the separation of technical vocational schools from scientific universities (ibid: 222).
In this discussion, Kuhn considers political borders as scientific borders and ignores the historical interaction of countries producing science and technique, arguing as if scientific theories are not confined within political borders, whereas in the modern era, if a scientific theory in the field of magnetism were proposed in France, this theory would be taken into account in British technology.
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