چکیده:
Mysticism (or gnosis، ÝirfÁn) is multi-dimensional. Its primary and most important dimensions are cognitive (vis-à-vis theoria) and conative (vis-à-vis praxis). A study of the various dimensions of mysticism has led to the formation of a number of branches of science، which can be called “mystical sciences.” The most important branches of science of mysticism in the Islamic tradition are: theoretical mysticism and practical mysticism. With the advent and currency of second-order philosophies in the West—those supra-speculative philosophies that survey matters from the outside—the phenomena of mysticism was also considered and intellectually examined from the outside، leading to the appearance of a branch of knowledge called the ‘philosophy of mysticism.’ This new science applies itself to the nature and methodology of mystical experience and its principles. Alongside this branch، another independent branch of science can be envisioned that studies the quiddity and manner of theoretical mysticism، asking the relevant questions as regards it subject matter، bases، issues، methodology and structure. We call this branch of knowledge the ‘philosophy of theoretical mysticism.’ While this type of discussion has traditionally and generally been treated of in the introductions of some relevant books in the field، the expansion of this branch of knowledge and the tabling of fundamental questions and doubts with regards to its nature، bases، and premises calls for independent treatment. The article at hand is a general survey of some of the most important lines of inquiry in the philosophy of theoretical mysticism.
خلاصه ماشینی:
However, the discussion and investigation into the essence and nature of the science of theoretical mysticism and the theoretical questions regarding it—such as discussions on its subject, principles, issues, method, and structure—can become the subject of an independent science that we call "the philosophy of theoretical mysticism.
However, speculative mysticism, which is the reflection of mystical intuition and is of the nature of acquisitive knowledge, is a systematic science that, like other sciences, has limits and regulations that require discussion and research.
Since the mystic finds in the final intuition that God Almighty is the very essence of being, which is One and possesses names and attributes, and everything else is His actions and affairs, some have considered the subject of speculative mysticism to be the existence of God. Qunawi says in Miftah al-Ghayb: «فموضوعه الخصیص به وجود الحق سبحانه.
If we consider speculative mysticism to be a demonstrative science, its subject and principles, if they are theoretical, must be proven, and the philosophy of speculative mysticism can be responsible for that.
In the texts of speculative mysticism, some of the mentioned discussions—such as the discussion on Names and Attributes and generally the necessities of the existence of Truth—are among the issues of speculative mysticism, not its principles, in the sense that many of these truths are defined and established within mystical discussions, rather than being derived from another science or being considered established based on certain intuition.
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