چکیده:
Frequently referred to in discourses on Islamic jurisprudence and disciplines، ḥadīth al-raf‘(according to which the responsibility for nine things is lifted from humans due to error and the lack of knowledge)، enjoys a clearer text and a stronger chain of transmission، so that its issuance by an Infallible Imam (A.S.) can be ascertained and this confirms the position of those among the Sunnī scholars who have regarded this ḥadīth as valid and relied upon it.
None of the Shī‘ī scholars have questioned the validity of this ḥadīth; however، some Sunnī scholars have opposed to it and even regarded it as fabricated.
The object (muta‘allaq) of this ḥadīth، as related by both major sects، is flaw، oblivion، and reluctance and the Sunnī traditions have not gone beyond these three instances; whereas، according to the Shī‘ī sources، its object amounts to nine.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In this research, we aim first to address the necessity of delivering the Fadak speech by Fatima Zahra( and after presenting the status and position of the sermon, in the second section, by analyzing the phrases of the Fadak sermon, we will explain the factors of deviation and decline of the Islamic Ummah and, in this way, identify the unity-building and divisive components of societies.
Although the Fadak sermon has been noted among the writings of religious thinkers; however, for two reasons, first: the speaker of the sermon who was the best scholar and most knowledgeable of her time, and second: the content and substance of the sermon which, based on the Lady's statement in the sermon, is a document for the guidance of generations in all eras, we deemed it necessary to cast a new look at the aforementioned speech to identify the causes of deviation and regression of the Ummah after the Prophet.
"/> By examining different parts of the sermon, two categories of factors—individual and social—can be considered important causes of the regression, deviation, and religious avoidance of the Ummah: individual causes, such as whims and desires, complacency, and the inclination toward committing sins and immorality; and social causes, such as undesirable social conditions that arise in some societies, in which those in charge of religious affairs and the trustees of the government play a role in their emergence or expansion123 Shokoohi, Ali, Factors and Roots of Religious Avoidance from the Perspective of Quran and Hadith, p.
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