چکیده:
Hindabā is one of medicinal plants that is described in medical and pharmaceutical books in Islamic period. Muslim scholars also used the other names such as anṭūbiyā, Bakrīzīyā, Tīfāf, Kāsnī and Kasnāj for it and explained medicinal properties for various parts such as leaf and root of this plant. Contemporary researchers have matched Hindabā with Cichorium intybus and C. endivia from Asteraceae family. In this research, the entry of Hindabā has been examined in some of medicinal and pharmaceutical books of the Islamic period from the 3rd to the 12th century. Muslim scholars mostly have divided two types of Hindabā, Barrī and Bostānī, and described their morphology. In books like al-Ḥāwī fī al-ṭibb, Al-Jāmʿ li-Mufradāt Al-Adwīyat Wal Aghdhīyat, Ikhtīyārāt i badīy, ḥadīghat al-azhār, Tadhkirat-ulul-albāb, Tuḥfat al-Muminīn and Makhzan al-Adwiyih, the types of Hindabā and its characteristics, the name of it in different languages and its medicinal properties have been mentioned and in Umdat al-ṭṭabīb, the types of Hindabā, its names and characteristics have been described. This book has the most complete explanations about morphology of Hindabā in this study. Ferdus al-ḥikmat only have described its medicinal properties. The context of Hindabā entry in Tadhkirat-ulul-albāb, Tuhfat al-Muminīn and Makhzan al-Adwiyih are very similar. In some of books such as Ṣaydanah and its Persian translation and redaction described about the word of Hindabā. Ṭarakhshagūg has been known as Kāsnī ī barrī in the most of books.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In works such as Al-Hawar fi al-Tibb, Al-Jami' li-Mufradat al-Adwiya wa al-Aghdhiya, Ikhtiyarat Badi'i, Hadiqat al-Azhar, Tadhkirat al-Uli al-Albab, Tuhfat al-Mu'minin, and Makhzan al-Adwiya, the types of Endive, its characteristics, its name in different languages, and its medicinal properties are mentioned; and in Al-Tabib fi Ma'rifat al-Nabat, its types, characteristics, and names are referred to, and the latter source possesses the most detailed botanical description among the examined sources.
In this book, he addresses the nature, Persian name, types, and morphological description of endive and mentions a hadith from Amir al-Mu'minin (AS) 1 Fahd 2 Dioscorides 3 Shirázy 4 Gladwin and has stated a quote from Ibn Sina regarding this plant, and has referred to a belief among the people concerning how to treat toothache using endive: «It is a plant that in Persian is called Kasni; some of it is wild and some is cultivated, and it can be thin, large, or wide and is very bitter.
Research Method To investigate the botany and properties of endive, the content of medical and pharmacognosy works of the Islamic era was examined, including several sources from this period from the third to the twelfth century AH, which consist of: Firdaws al-Hikma, Al-Hawi fi al-Tibb, Al-I'timad fi al-Adwiya al-Mufrada, Kamil al-Sina'a al-Tibbiyya, Minhaj al-Bayan fi ma Yasta'miluhu al-Insan, Al-Abniya 'an Haqa'iq al-Adwiya, Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb, Al-Saydana fi al-Tibb, Al-Aghrad al-Tibbiyya wa al-Mabahith al-Alaniyya, Al-Adwiya al-Mufrada, Umdat al-Tabib fi Ma'rifat al-Nabat, the Persian translation of Saydana, Al-Jami' li Mufradat al-Adwiya wa al-Aghdhiya, Tadhkirat al-Uli al-Albab, Bahr al-Jawahir, Riyad al-Adwiya, Ikhtiyarat Badi'i, Hadiqat al-Azhar fi Mahiyat al-Ushb wa al-Aqar, Tuhfat al-Mu'minin, and Makhzan al-Adwiya.
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