چکیده:
What mental states are about is called 'content'; there are numerous philosophical issues regarding content, including whether content is physically explicable or not, and how the connection between a specific content and a specific mental state is established—in other words, how the specific content of a mental state is determined? Here, by referring to early theories, such as causal theories, conceptual role theories, and two-factor theories, we examine teleological and neural theories to see to what extent these theories succeed in compensating for the flaws of previous theories. Teleological theories argue that mental states are specified by teleological functions, and neural theories argue that mental states are determined by the neural states of neurons.
خلاصه ماشینی:
3. Conceptual Role Theories Conceptual role semantics claims that the content of a word (in the philosophy of language) or a mental representation (in the philosophy of mind) is determined by its overall role within a specific conceptual structure; this role can be causal, computational, functional, deductive, or inferential.
In the philosophy of language, the referential theory determines the meaning of a word based on the relationship between the word and the external world; however, in cases such as "evening star" and "morning star," this theory encounters problems, because the referent of these two words is the same (both refer to the planet Venus) but the sense of these two words is different; for we can say "the evening star shines, but the morning star does not shine" without committing a contradiction; also, the sentence "the morning star is the same as the evening star" is not a tautology but provides us with new information, so the meaning of these two words cannot be the same.
Teleological Function Functionalism in the philosophy of mind (which is famous as one of the important philosophical schools regarding the mind-body problem) refers to the concept of function to explain all mental states; however, early functionalist theories consider "computational function"; that is, a function of input, output, and other mental states.
This objection regarding neurosemantics is raised in this way: according to the Sinbad theory, the representational content of a cell explains its attention to the correlate of origin; for example, the type of horse explains the cell's attention to the correlate of origin.
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