چکیده:
Eliade is one of the most important religious scholars and also the most renowned scientist in the field of religious myth and symbolism; he produced a collection of exquisite works on religious topics in the history of religions, such as Yoga and Shamanic rituals to morphology and general patterns of religious experience. In addition, Eliade has views regarding the sacred and the specific function of religion. According to him, the specific function of religion and religious rituals is nothing more than increasing man's encounter with the sacred. The function of religion is to help the emergence of the sacred. Where does this emergence occur? In the vessel of nature, natural phenomena, and history. Primitive man had a special talent for discovering the sacred in nature. Every part of nature, in his view, possesses the potential for the emergence of the sacred. This is while the Hebrew people see the emergence of the sacred not in nature but in history. In this new perspective, the sacred manifests itself better in historical twists and turns, and this issue has significant consequences.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Mircea Eliade, the sacred, religion, nature, history, myth, religious experience 1.
As an interpreter of religious symbols, Eliade believed that religion refers to the experience of the sacred, and a phenomenologist of religion, by utilizing historical documents, strives to describe the manifestations of the sacred and to find the existential position and religious meanings presented in these phenomena.
Furthermore, from Eliade's perspective, the human response to the sacred is usually manifested in three forms: symbol, myth, and rituals.
2 Eliade says in his book "The Sacred and the Profane" regarding myth: "Myth is the narrator of sacred history, meaning an eternal event that occurred at the beginning of time, in the primordial era.
The sacred time that exists cyclically in ancient religions is mythical time, meaning a primordial time that cannot be found in historical past, in the sense that it did not take place at a single moment of existence and no other time existed before it, because no time can exist before the emergence of a truth narrated in myth.
Eliade writes in "The Sacred and the Profane": "For the religious person, nature is never merely natural, but is always imbued with religious value, because the cosmos is a divine creation and the world, which has emerged from the power of the gods, is full of sanctity.
From Eliade's perspective, since religion refers to the experience of the sacred, the work of the phenomenologist with historical documents is also an expression of "hierophanies"2, and he strives to discover the existential position and religious meanings presented in these phenomena.
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