چکیده:
Throughout Iranian history, the Kadkhodas, as heads of villages, played a very important role in the administrative structure and the provision of security for villages. This position and function also continued and evolved during the Qajar period; according to the 'Law on the Formation of Provinces and States and the Instructions for Governors' approved on 14 Zil-al-Qi'dah 1325, the administration of village affairs was officially placed in the hands of the Kadkhodas. However, in the year 1354 SH, the Kadkhoda was removed from Iran's administrative system, and other positions such as 'Dehban' and 'Anjoman-e Deh' replaced it. In this research, while examining the social, economic, and political position and status of the Kadkhoda and his administrative-political performance in rural society during the Qajar era, and the continuity and transformation of the structure and function of the Kadkhoda throughout this period, we answer the question of what the positive and negative aspects of the Kadkhoda's role were for the government, the landowner, and the villagers. In this article, we use a descriptive-analytical method and historical investigation based on documents and data available in sources. The result of this research shows that in the rural society of the Qajar era, the Kadkhoda, as the head of the village, was the highest executive official present in the village, and the communication between absent government officials and landowners and the villagers, and vice versa, was mostly conducted through him. Depending on the conditions of the time, the level of power and influence of the landowner and other higher authorities, the obedience or rebellion of subordinates, the level of influence and prestige among the people, and his own moral and personal characteristics, he sometimes appeared as a sycophantic representative for the government and caused misery to the subjects by collecting various taxes, and sometimes acted as the spokesperson for his subordinates against the injustice and oppression of other government officials and took action for their welfare and comfort by addressing the people's problems.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The Position of Kodkhoda in the Rural Society of the Qajar Era 1 Mohammad Bakhtiari 2 Hossein Abadian 3 Shahram Yousefi Far Date of Receipt: 92/9/15 Date of Approval: 93/1/31 Abstract Throughout the history of Iran, Kodkhodas, as heads of villages, played a very important role in the administrative structure and the security of villages.
In the Safavid and Qajar eras, Kodkhoda was also used with meanings such as the trusted person and head of each of the city neighborhoods, the head of a specific guild or category of market guilds, and the head of a small clan or tribe (Mirza Samia, 1378: 47-49; Two Travelogues from Southern Iran, 1378: 72; Nizam al-Saltaneh Mafi, 1363: 484/2; Mustawfi, 1385: 40/1; Mahboubi Ardakani, 1374: 396/1, 423-424); however, its most famous and common meaning was the village headman (Mehtar and Ra'is-e Deh).
In the Safavid and Qajar eras, Kodkhoda was also used with meanings such as the trusted person and head of each of the city neighborhoods, the head of a specific guild or category of market guilds, and the head of a small clan or tribe (Mirza Samia, 1378: 47-49; Two Travelogues from Southern Iran, 1378: 72; Nizam al-Saltaneh Mafi, 1363: 484/2; Mustawfi, 1385: 40/1; Mahboubi Ardakani, 1374: 396/1, 423-424); however, its most famous and common meaning was the village headman (Mehtar and Ra'is-e Deh).
(
, 
, 
)
